Hubble constant does not seem to be so constant

  October 27, 2019  |   

New measurements of the rate of expansion of the universe give more different results. Discrepancies seem to become more and more significant. Is there something wrong with the way we measure the Hubble’s Constant or is there something wrong with the way we conceive the Universe and the dynamics of the cosmos?

Maybe both. But I think the second question is more true and more relevant to try to explain why the current measured values of this important natural constant are so far apart.

The Hubble’s Constant describes the expansion of the universe (in kilometers per second per megaparsec) and give us the possibility to make hypotheses about the size and age of the universe and estimate distances between objects in the cosmos.

Bright arcs: Hubble Stace Telescope image of a distant quasar that has been gravitationally lensed. This image was part of this latest study. (Credits: ESA/Hubble/NASA/Suyu et al)

That Hubble’s Constant is not constant in time is a science fact since the observation of the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe. But I think that its (supposed) constancy in space is not a scientific fact, and it comes from a profound misconception about the true nature of the the (derived) field we call space-time, or, even more, from a incorrect comprehension of the nature of the entire Physical Reality.

Hubble’s law tell us that the recessional velocity is proportional to the distance to distant bodies. As we can see in a medium subject to uniform expansion. This conception implies uniformity, homogeneity, isotropy, at least when viewed on a large enough scale. No special places, both for the parts of the cosmos that we see in expansion and for the part that include the observer. This is the Cosmological Principle. It implies that the forces act uniformly throughout the Universe. But, this its true only if we consider the Fundamental Force acting of the Elementary Field. All the derived forces (as gravity) don’t act uniformly. They (always) relative intensities are determined by the shape of the organization of the Elementary Field itself, in other words, the derived fields associated to those derived forces.

In my opinion, Hubble constant is not constant also in space dimensions, so it cannot be considered a support to the Big Bang model. The polarization of the dispute on cosmological models between static and Big Bang, for me, is one of the most destructive errors in cosmology. It has addressed all the further researches in a theoretical cul de sac that has produced inflation, the standard cosmological model, and a full series of theories father and farther from the observation. I thing that even the observation, of better, the way we observe the Universe has been deeply influenced by that wrong ideas.

So, let’s go. No static Universe, no Big Bang. To explain what we see in the Universe, a third way is needed. Let’s call it: the Evolutionary Cosmological Model (ECM). In this model we can “easily” accomodate phenomena like the expansion of the cosmos and its acceleration in time, the inconstancy of Hubble’s Constant in space, as well as in time, the strange super homogeneity of CMB, the existence of well formed cosmic structures in the early Universe, just a few hundred millions years from the supposed birth date on the Universe. And it is not enough. There are rooms for a dark matter not made of particles, that does not need to reject of modify gravity, and the strange stuff we call dark energy, theoretically required to account for the acceleration of the cosmic expansion.

In conclusion, even if – by definition – we postulate that it is absolutely flat as a whole in all its infinite extension, space-time is not uniform. It does not have a uni-form, a unique form, the same shape in all places, even at the largest scales. It appears to us as uniform, because we can span a sufficiently large portion of the (for me, infinite) Universe. So, at medium and small scales, we clearly see that space-time is not uniform. We see immense cosmic structures, super-clusters, cluster, galaxies, stars and planets…

At these scales, a lack of uniformity is the cause and, at the same time, the effect of the presence of those cosmic structures.

At the larger scales, a more slight non-uniformity is the cause and the effect of the existence of extremely large structures and the entire dynamics of the (infinite and unlimited) Universe as a whole.

Image description: Bright arcs: Hubble Stace Telescope image of a distant quasar that has been gravitationally lensed. This image was part of this latest study. (Credits: ESA/Hubble/NASA/Suyu et al)
Image credits: Nasa

Crisis? What Crisis?

  October 7, 2019  |   

Let us take a look at the main problems that modern physics and cosmology are facing. After a wonderfull period of discovery and development of ever wider and deeper models, is this a real crisis? Why the theoretical research is not able to keep up with the ever more numerous and strange observations of Nature and with the increasingly contrasting and surprising data coming from our instruments? Is there anything fundamental that does not work in scientific research?

black-sphere

Beyond standard models – When a standard becomes a stumbling block

Standard models are great results and great resources to guide thought and experimental research. But they can become conceptual prisons that prevent people from seeing new paths to knowledge. Moreover, they can determine a ghettoization of research, a polarization that pushes to the extreme the need to differentiate alternative research lines. In this scenario, the research has polarized, on the one hand, on orthodox positions that are not innovative enough to go beyond those standard models and, on the other, on research very far from physical reality and with little possibility of being subjected to experimental verification.

Too many stuffs we don’t understand

The emergence of the dark side of the Universe, as in the famous Star Wars saga, casts a sinister shadow on the current scientific scene. We are obviously talking about the two phantom entities / phenomena, Dark Matter and Dark Energy, which, according to the most reliable hypotheses, should together constitute about 95% of the energy content of the Universe. We call them “dark entities” because we cannot observe them through light, our main source of information on the Universe. But also, or rather, above all, “dark” because we do not understand their nature, their dynamics, their true role in the past and future evolution of the cosmos. It is still discussed whether these hypothetical entities really exist, or whether, by changing the laws we currently use to analyze and explain the physical behavior of Reality, it is possible to do without them. In short, we know very little about such important things.

Too much fantastic math

Mathematics is a very powerful language. It is the language of science. Since advanced tools allow us to carry out experimentation and observation of nature, so math has provided and increasingly provides more important tools for theoretical research and for the fundamental analysis and interpretation of collected data. But, in science, we can’t let mathematics drive. Mathematics must necessarily follow ideas, observations, facts. Therefore, it is very good to develop good mathematics. But let us not confuse good mathematics with scientific research, which, in short, is observation, hypothesis formulation, falsification, and so on, in an endless iterative process.

The surrender of the possibility of explaining Nature

The victory of Quantum Mechanics, which has produced many very important scientific results, has in a certain way led to the rejection of the possibility of understanding the world (at least the world of the infinitely small, the basis of our Physical Reality). And, while representing the best scientific theory ever developed by man, it has produced a fundamental split in the vision of the physical world (continuity vs quantization, relativity vs quanta, certainty vs probability and so on). While it allows us to interpret much of physical reality and to predict the results of experiments, QM has led us to a partial vision and to renounce the possibility of truly knowing Nature. In some interpretations of QM, for example that of the “many worlds”, not only can we no longer imagine knowing the facts of the world, but we can also hypothesize (without any possibility of falsification, in my humble opinion) that there is NOT a knowable reality, though there is an infinite number of them. Chaos in chaos … hopeless …

Is it a question of machines (and money)?

I do not believe that the current difficulty in going beyond what is known, explaining what we see in the Universe and what we cannot find in the colliders, is due to the lack of ability of our machines, of our instruments, to reach a new level in fundamental physics research (particles). I think it’s not a question of technology or money. I think it’s a matter of ideas. We must (re) open our minds. But this requires that some distorting aspects of the current academic system, which too often push research into comfortable places, in a short-term perspective, are modified. We need courage. The courage to think differently, to invest in a different way, to grant in a different way, to reward differently.

No more particles

I absolutely do not want to say that high energy research is not useful or appropriate. But I don’t think that in the present moment, in this crisis, this could represent the turning point. I do not believe that it will be a new particle to pave the way for the new physics that everyone is waiting with so much anxiety and interest. I don’t think that measuring Higgs in more detail, reaching more energy, will make us better understand the world. Perhaps we must accept that the Standard Model of particles is a fundamental piece of the puzzle, but it is not the only one, and perhaps not even the most important. I don’t think we can shed light on the dark side of the cosmos, on dark matter and dark energy, and on all the other weird things we are observing in the Universe, searching for new particles. I don’t think we can better understand the fundamental nature of Reality by smashing particles.

A landscape a bit confused

  May 12, 2018  |   

There is a lot of confusion in the common language about some fundamental terms in physics. An even in science, some slight basic differences between these words sometime occur. We are talking about force, field, action, energy, information, etc. In the following, we will precisely define these terms and put them in a new framework, with a consistent set of relations among them. It is really important to understand the deep meaning of these words, because in them, and in their mutual relations, we can find a large part of the knowledge of the foundations of Reality.

Thus, for Force we intend an active entity, an agent, that acts on a Field, a passive entity, an acted, producing Action, events, variations in/of the field. This is all that exists at the most elementary level of Reality, and, in some way, at the increasingly complex levels of existence.

The Main Causal Chain of Reality

Reality is a process, a flux of events, of incessant mutations, changes, variations. When we want to observe, to measure something, it is as we try to make a snapshot. We cannot directly measure this incessant flux of existence. We can only try to catch some image, or successive images, like in a movie. In facts, in physics, we always talk about the states of the systems and the change from one state an another. Action is always intended as a passage from one state to a successive one. In facts, in physics, we find more frequently the word Energy, than the word Action. We can say that a Force have done an Action, but we can measure that action only comparing to successive measures on the system, two states, two Energy levels, at the end.

In some ways simplifying, we can say that Energy is a measure of the differentiation of a field, of the distance from homogeneity in / of a field, and, ultimately, of the quantity of Information needed to fully describe the system. Complete homogeneity, zero Energy, zero Information. Maximum inhomogeneity, maximum Energy, maximum Information required.

Thus, even more in a complex world, we have to extend the concept of Energy to comprehend the result of the measures operated on complex systems (more complex that an electron, for example). All the states of complex systems can be expressed in the wide concept of Energy, that we call Information.

Information, under the incessant pressure of a Force, organizes the Action in / of a Field in Structures, that can be described by the same Information, the amount of differentiation and organization in / of the Field, the whole system, or a sub-system in it. Structures of Information, organized in more and more complex macro structures, lead to the existence of the Forms, the objects of the Physical Reality.

It is not a case that the basic elements of the conceptual structure that I call “The Main Causal Chain of Reality” are exactly: Force, Action, Information (Energy), Form. They are the very basic causal bricks of the creation and the evolution of Reality.

The beginning of the Universe

  April 30, 2018  |   

First of all, a simple question: “who really needs a beginning”? Is it why we are mortal beings, born in a precise instant in the past, that we are always looking for starts and endings in every aspects of nature and of our life?

Every beginning takes with itself a non-trivial question. And, before? From what any new born entity, or any new process, stems out?

Personally, I think, and this is one of the main topics in this system of knowledge, that this question loses its importance, its relevance, when we talk about the whole reality, reality as a process, where even its fundamental dimensions, causality, space and time (mainly time, for this discussion) emerge from a more elementary and undetermined state.

I think the right questions to ask are: “State of what?” and “Why and how this phase transition, this turn in state have occurred?”. And more, “how causality, space and time emerged from a more elementary and indeterminate state of that unknown entity?”.

I call that entity “The Source” and that state “Nothingness” (a pure hypothetical state). And the answers to the other questions, I think, can be find in the study of the dynamics of the inner interactions of the two complementary sub-entities (Force and Field) that compose the Source, the primary cause of any event, the cause of the incessant creation and the evolution of Reality. This is the main object of study of this system of knowledge.

I believe that we have to give up trying to find the ultimate origin of the Source. We have to accept that the Source has always existed, or rather that it exists outside of time and together that it causes the existence of time. I believe that we should accept that the origin of the Source – why it exists and why this Reality, the evolving Universe, without beginning and without end, incessantly emerges from it – is a mystery (), perhaps the only mystery that we will ever be able to unveil…

Image credits: Nasa

Cause, space and time: the dimensions of Reality

  April 15, 2018  |   

The same fundamental dimensions of the Physical Reality are relative, emerge and evolve:

  • cause (causality evolves from chaos/uncertainty, to possibility/probability, to necessity/determination, to finality/the emergence of sense),
  • space (it’s not a table, a container, it gives way to more and more complex organizations of the space, the space domains that support the structures that emerge from the dynamics of the Elementary Field),
  • time (giving way of the complex relations among the events that dynamically compose the process of formations of Reality.

From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor - Creative Commons licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ - No modified

Space and time doesn’t exist as we thought, and, even today, often commonly we think about them. Space is not a container, absolute and independent from what happens, an entity a priori. So, time is not a flow, again absolute and independent from what happens, another entity a priori. Both are phenomena, expressions, manifestations of the dynamics of the Source, they universally and locally depend on the fundamental physical quantity that I call Action, the Elementary Events, in particular they depend on the distribution of the tiny fluctuations at Planck scale of the Field, produced by the Force acting on it. The same dependence emerges in the relation among space-time, mass density, acceleration and gravitation, and indirectly to the space-time contraction/dilation. All phenomena related to the same dynamics.
No extra dimensions are needed, both in space and in time. So, Physical Reality can be fully described in these dimensions, whose fundamental nature is determined by the density and the form of the occurring events that incessantly shape the Reality itself:

  • one causal dimension (evolving from the elementary to the complex, complexity is a measure of the causal distance from events, from Structures and Forms that they incessantly form),
  • three space dimensions
  • one time dimension.

Image source: Wikipedia Tensor – Creative Commons licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 – No modified

The secret nature of the Source: Quantum vs God

  March 25, 2018  |   

The Source has intention, will, personality, finality?

The answer is no. In this system of knowledge, the Source is an impersonal, unintentional, unwilling, no cognitive natural entity without finality. From its expression, the existence emerges, and the whole Reality evolves.

However, the Source, origin of all the possibilities, of all the evolutive lines of Reality, is the causal origin of the evolution toward intention, will, cognitive activity, life, and so on.

The fundamental causal entity, root of the creation and the evolution of Reality, is not pure chance, not mere casual fluctuation, absolute chaos without a direction. At the same time the Source is not an intelligent entity, a god, a superpowered agent. In other words, Reality is not the fruit of pure causality, as most of the science proposes, nor the product of the creation of a God, the result of an intelligent design, or whatsoever a supernatural effect, as in most of the religious beliefs.

Quantum-vs-GodBut chaos and casuality, together with direction, organization, emergence are the fundamental characterizing aspects of the manifestation of the Source. Observing the Reality, the Universe in evolution, it is so evident that these aspects coexist, as creation and evolution co-operate in the incessant construction of the Reality.

I know that this model, my opinions about the very beginning of the Universe, the story and the sense of Reality will dissatisfy most of the people, both in the science field, and in the religious side. But, nonetheless I think that opposites in some way have to encounter, to find a new synthesis, a new and more unitarian vision of the whole.

I believe that everyone must be free to think about the origin and the sense, the creation and the evolution, in the way he wants. Any representation, any feeling about these fundamental matters must be respected and no one should arrogate the right to rule the most personal and intimate nor in the attempt to assert a scientific truth, nor for in the urgency to assert a religious belief. Finally, I think that the Source is so undefinable, the absolute without form, that everyone can represent it to oneself as a physical force, as a god, a divine supernatural force, as transcendent and /or immanent, as everything and nothing at the same time. The only thing I cannot believe is that no source (no force and field) exists. Because, by definition, if no Source of existence exists, to existence will not manifest, no one could pose this simple but crucial question.

The Source, even being the origin of infinite possibilities, is so simple, the most elementary causal source that we can think about. It is the without form, externally causally unconstrained (nothing can be causally, spatially and temporally external to the Source, it is the causal whole that produce the whole existence).

So, we cannot say that the Source is a cognitive entity, that operates by will, with finality. But we can say that these aspects, that will emerge in the more advanced stages of the evolution of the Reality, are at the very causal beginning, in such a way present as possibility, as potential, in the Source itself. They will emerge from the evolution of that so simple aspects characterizing the Source, and the two sub entities, the two complementary aspects whose inner interaction shapes the world.

What a nice video … Too bad that the content is wrong …

  February 15, 2018  |   

An example of a wonderfull video about the story of the Universe. Unfortunately it tells a story that, though it is the espression of the main stream cosmology, is not exacly what we would to watch in an Evolutionary Knowledge perspective… But very nice indeed…

TIMELAPSE OF THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE – Cinema cut

Credits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBikbn5XJhg

Web Site of the Project: Melody Sheep – Remixing the universe. One video at a time.

The causal evolution of Reality

  January 20, 2018  |   

The causal dimension manifests itself in a continuum that spreads from uncertainty to finality. This dimension is a metric of the level of organization of the Field and the Structures of Information that evolve in it, a “scale” of the complexity of Reality and the Forms that populate it.

The main steps in the evolution of causal dimension are:
• Uncertainty (indetermination, chaos, casual order): null or minimum level of organization, no correlations between events,
• Possibility/Probability (probabilistic, statistical causality): an increasing level of organization, of correlation between events, manifests quantum aspects as the bizarre behaviour of quantized forces and structures, waves, particles, interactions, etc.,
• Necessity (determination): high levels of organization, of correlation between events, ordered states, proper of the organization of classical forms of Reality, the objects of the “ordinary” reality,
• Finality (finalistic indetermination): the higher level of the expression of dynamic and conservative aspects of living beings, the more complex causal manifestation of Reality, the more complex outcome of the evolutive process.

Evolution of CausalityAny level emerges from the previous one. There isn’t a rigid separation among the different levels, they are mixed. In each existing form, at any level of Reality, of complexity, we can find a mix of the above forms of causality. Different layers, with their dominant form of causality, coexist in the same object of Reality.

So, at the most elementary level of the Field, we can find the domination of Uncertainty, the chaos of the elementary events, the fluctuations of the space time distances at the Planck scale, the Elementary Action, the quantum foam. The evolution of each point of space-time can be represented as a stochastic process in with every point-event manifests a full stochastic independence of the evolution of all the other points of space-time field. Indeterminism is inherent to the very nature, or, better, to the nature of the most basic level of Reality.

If we look at a wider scale, at the space-time domain whose organization represent a Structure of Information, i.e. a particle, in which the evolution of each point of space-time field is in some form correlated to the evolution of the other points of that specific space-time domain, we find a strange form of causality, the form that characterize the quantum world, in which causal links between events can be expressed only in a probabilistic form. The correlation among the events that participate to the existence of that Structure can be expressed in a statistical form, as space time distributions of probability of intensity, direction, vorticity and orientation of the vorticity of the tiny fluctuations of the space time field at the Planck scale, the Elementary Events. Probability is not a matter of incomplete knowledge, or due to the existence of unknown hidden variables. Causality in quantum world can only be expressed in a probabilistic form because the elementary chaos, the chance, the uncertainty is so widely present at the level of Reality. The Structures that organize the Field are forming from the correlation among an immense quantity of everchanging tiny events. Nature, at this causal former level, is inherently probabilistic, and everything can only be described in a statistical form.

In large aggregate of quantum objects (as atoms, molecules, small bodies), determination, necessity, is rising, but at an embryonal stage. Necessity manifest itself completely at more complex levels of Reality, the levels in which the objects of the ordinary life interact with each other, following the laws of classical and relativistic dynamics. So, for the cosmological bodies, that comprehend a wide range of ordinary phenomena. If we look at the class of more extreme phenomena, i.e. the quantum dynamics associated to the layers of Reality concerning with the interaction of macroscopic complex aggregates of quantum structures (neutron stars, quark plasma stars, black holes, grb or strong radiation emissions as those produced by pulsars, supermassive black holes, quasars), the indetermination and the probabilistic causality gain the scene again.

Finally, where the inorganic matter evolves into the organic molecules that sustain life, there we will find a new emerging kind of causality. Where the organic structures evolve under the selective pressure of the embryonal biological evolution, forming more and more complex living organism, there we can find a more complex form of causality. We call this form of causality: Finality. It emerges where determinism, necessity, finds its limit and exaltation, coevolving with the developing of more and more complex living forms. Living beings, in their incessant exploration of the causal landscapes of Reality, searching for nourishment and better physical and social life conditions, in their continuous effort to adapt and ecologically fit, within the co-evolutionary processes that tie life to the environments, develop more and more complex behaviors and strategies, that evolve within the causal dimension toward intention and finality. It’s the emergence of the “sense”, the “meaning”. The analogous, in the complex levels of Reality that we call Metareality, of the difference between the spatial directions at the more elementary levels of the Physical Reality, the orientation of spin in particle physics, etc., or the difference between past and future in the temporal dimension, where time symmetry broke, giving rise to the arrow of time.

Sources, forces and fields: pressure to existence, cause, variation

  December 26, 2017  |   

A source is always a whole, a non-manifesting couple of interacting entities, one active/creative, a force, and one passive/receptive, a field, potentially or effectively producing action, events. So, a source is, at the same time, the causal origin (what acts) and the variational substrate (what varies) of any event. Force and field are a unity, different aspects, but unitarian and indivisible expressions of a source. The Force is the active, the creative side of the Source. The Field is the passive, its receptive side. The Source express itself in these two entities, the unmanifested, root of any manifestation, physical and cognitive, the everything, the whole Reality, the Universe in evolution. I intend the unmanifested as the absolute, the pure and formless ground of being from which creation and the manifestation arise. The Source manifest itself in the complementary expression (that means “pressure to existence”) of a unitarian couple of interacting entities, Force and Field. The Source in itself, as the One, is free from change, a concept close to the “unmoved mover”, or “uncaused cause”, but its direct manifestation, The Action, is the change in itself. The absolute/unmanifested and the relative/manifest are different levels of the same reality.

A force is an agent, a cause, an entity that, interacting with a field, produce existence, the causal side of a source of something that exists. For causal side, I intend what relates to the expression of a force acting on a field producing events, action. It is an internal interaction between the two unitary aspects of a source. A unity, a self-manifestation of a source through this internal interaction.

A field is an acted, the former “substance”, the substrate, the variational side of a source. For variational side, I intend the aspects of a source that can vary in space (relative space location  position and its derivatives with respect to space and/or in time) and/or in time (relative time location  instant and its derivatives with respect to space and/or in time). The basic variational aspect of Reality, that correspond to the primary mode (Perturbation) of expression of the Action, the dynamics of the Elementary Events, is space-time itself, the metric field, seen as the dimensional counterpart of mass density and the gravitational phenomena. The others variational aspects, that correspond to the further, more complex, modes of expression of the Action, are attraction/repulsion related to motion (Translation), vorticity/chirality related to charge (Rotation) and orientation of the Rotation axis (Rotation Axis) related to the electromagnetic phenomena, all the most complex nuclear phenomena, forces and fields related to the combination of these fundamental modes and the above mentioned physical quantities and phenomena.

Yin_YangThese two sides of the source, force and field, interacting, manifest their specific features and at same time acquire the features of the other different side.
The field manifests its passive feature of “resistance” to variation, reacting to the pressure of the force. In turn, this reaction manifests itself as a force opposed to the original force. It opposes as a counter-pressure to the action of the force.
The force manifests its active feature of “pressure” for variation, reacting to the resistance of the field. In turn, this reaction manifest itself as a variation of the intensity of the force. It opposes as a counter-resistance to the reaction of the field.
So, the force has in itself a secondary/derived aspect of variation/resistance and the field has in itself a secondary/derived aspect of force/pressure.
The best image I can find to represent this fundamental interconnection between the two opposites in the basic nature of a source is the ancient glyph of Yin Yang. I know, this can be seen by a scientist as an indebted reference to a world of beliefs and superstitions. I don’t think so. Anyone who wants to walk the paths of knowledge must have the humility to observe with respect every expression of the human thought, aware that even the most insignificant concept, produced by a man, can contain a fund of truth and can be useful to reveal aspects of the Reality. In this case, then, we must bow our heads in front of one of the highest peaks of human knowledge, the foundation of some of the most important philosophies of the East.

Pressure and resistance together embody the unity in the expression of a source, because pressure implies a force, the causal side, and resistance a field, the variational side.

In the classic concept of pressure, we find a force and an area of space. In the hypothesis of a rigid body containing a volume of something, what varies is the extension of the volume of space. This in the classic physical world. At the most elementary level of Reality, in the very fabric of space time and the fundamental physical phenomena, what varies is the compression/dilatation of the space-time itself (space distances, areas, volumes and time distances/periods), effect of the major or minor density of the fundamental variations of the Field produced by the Force.

Conversely, in the classic concept of resistance, we find a substance, a material, a physical body, a continuous body, in which a deformation results from a stress induced by applied forces. Resistance is itself a force, a force that tends to oppose to variation, that limits the action of a force. This in the classic physical world. At the most elementary level of Reality, where the action, the variation, is relative to the compression/dilatation of the space-time, we see the resistance as the capacity of the field to oppose to this fundamental deformation of the space-time itself. Without resistance, no reaction. A finite force will cause an infinite action. Conservation finds its limit, in which the action lost itself in an endless variation in space and time. Space and time couldn’t exist and so causality.

The Fundamental Nature of Reality: new paper in preparation

  December 17, 2016  |   

This paper proposes a new model of description of Reality, founded on a constructivist paradigm, an integral extension of the evolutionary theory to the whole domain of Nature. To improve and extend the knowledge about physical reality, we propose to revise the same pillars of the current physical theories, i.e. the matter centric vision (atomism), the non-locality hypothesis, the theory of big bang and inflation, and to reconsider some other theories, putting them in a wider framework, enhancing their compatibility and descriptive power: among all, the special / general relativity and quantum mechanics. An attempt to reach and reveal the elementary level unity that underlies the multiplicity of the phenomenological reality we directly make experience, to gather the Action on the Field by the Force, which incessantly causes the creation and the evolution of Reality, in its physical and cognitive dimensions. A stimulus to address theoretical and experimental research in new directions, to go beyond the known, to explore new horizons in physics and cosmology.

Paper Front

As part of the Source of Reality, at the most elementary level, we identify a unique Force, the fundamental causal agent, that “creates” Reality, mediating the state transition of the Elementary Field (the space-time field) from Non-Existence to Existence, from the fundamental unstable state of “nothingness” to the unitary Field of Elementary Action. It is the quantum vacuum, in which the incessant and undetermined fluctuations of the space-time itself, a stochastic process in the space and time dimensions, represent the fundamental entity, the elementary “substance”, the unique field from which all the Forms that populate the Reality emerge and evolve. At this level, Physical Reality can be described by three fundamental principles (uncertainty, action and reaction, least action), that correspond to the fundamental “modes” of dynamics (gradient, divergence and curl), and, in other words, to the three components of the Elementary Action: Perturbation, Translation and Rotation.

The intensity of this incessant and constant Force, together with the parameters and the constraints of the Field, determines the distributions of the elementary fluctuations of the space-time field, that we call Action, and so, the fundamental properties of Physical Reality: the vacuum electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability, the velocity of propagation of Information in the Field (commonly known as “speed of light”), the quantum of action, the gravitational constant, the fine structure constant, the equilibrium conditions that determines the fundamental parameters of radiation and of dark matter structures and ordinary matter particles (mass, motion, charge and spin).

These parameters extend their influence to all the aspects of Reality, as the complex feedback phenomena called “universe expansion and dark energy”, intimately connected to the processes of matter formation and, more in general, to the dynamics of the cosmos. Furthermore, we will investigate the relationships between continuity and quantization (the Field, as a continuous entity, and the Structures of Information in the Field, the patterns of organization of the elementary fluctuations, as quantized entities), and between the undulatory and corpuscular aspects of the Structures of Information, i.e. ordinary matter particles, dark matter structures, radiation, energy structures and carriers of derived forces.