TFNR - The Structures of Information

Everywhere we look, observe, measure, everything we are, everything we imagine... Everything has structure, everything is structure, structures, objects, things, Forms or parts of larger and more complex Forms, Systems, the Universe. Structures that make up structures, systems of structures and parts in dynamic relation, everything is Information in incessant interaction.

Information, In-Form-Action...

Structures of Information make up the entire evolving Universe, from our body to the entire Physical Universe... And not only that... Even in the cognitive domain of Reality, everything is structure, Structures of Cognitive Information (perceptions, sensations, emotions, memories, thoughts, models, etc.) incessantly interact to form the flow of consciousness, states, dynamics, representations of ourselves and the world in which we live.

Information and Structures everywhere!

As seen, in the causal chain that, from the Source, from its active side, the Force, leads to the Form, to the Forms, to the Universe, to Reality as a whole in progress, after the Action we have found Information. The Form of Action, precisely.

Information tends to form Structures, to become "structured Information", as Relations between Events form Processes, patterns of organization. Structures that in turn constitute the bricks that make up the Forms.

In this knowledge system, in a general sense and with reference to the most basic level of Reality, the term "Structure of Information" means pattern of organization of Action in the Field (Information, In-form-action).

Structures represent the shapes, the forms, correlations of the distributions of the elementary fluctuations in / of the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force, the product of the inner interaction between the active and the passive aspect of the Primary Source, the Source of Reality.

But we can give many other definitions (complementary or equivalent) with respect to the way we look at them, to the aspect, property, behavior we are focusing on.

And then, after the definitions, we will outline the most significant aspects, classification and origin, properties and dynamics of the Structures of Information, aspects that we will deal with in more detail in this tenth chapter.

Important! For the sake of brevity and simplicity, in the following instead of the extended term "Structure of Information" we will often use the term "InfoStructure", or sometimes even just "Structure".

Various definitions

Observing the InfoStructures from the different perspectives of the profound nature of Reality, we can formulate different definitions, all complementary and equivalent, but each capable of providing us with a peculiar image that can help us build a vision of at the same time more complete and detailed.

Strictly speaking, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, by Structures we mean those small objects, so to say, that represent the discrete, the quantized aspect of Reality: waves and particles, and their more or less complex interactions, objects that make up ordinary / visible matter (radiation, particles, atoms, etc.). In the representation of what exists within this system of knowledge we do not only find these InfoStructures, which represent only a minimal fraction (5%?) of the existing Matter and Energy (Information). To this we must add all the matter and energy of the dark / invisible sector of Physical Reality, which we will talk about later.

Speaking of terms and definitions, for Matter and Energy whose existence is supposed, but whose nature and form are not known, rather than using the adjective "dark", it would be more appropriate to use the term "invisible" , because this is what it is about, the impossibility of observing these entities as they do not seem to emit any type of electromagnetic radiation (light, radio waves, x or gamma rays, etc.). Symmetrically, we should use the term "visible" for Matter and Energy that we can observe by collecting its electromagnetic radiation, and which we call "ordinary", or "bright". In the text, given the common usage, we will continue to use both the terms "dark and invisible", as well as ordinary and visible, or bright".

Similarly, we will talk about dark / invisible sector or side to collectively refer to the structure and invisible InfoStructures that are hypothesized to populate the Universe, and ordinary / visible / bright sector / side for the structures that we can observe through electromagnetic radiation.

Extending our hypotheses a little, we could say that the invisible sector is composed of massive structures with low density and wide spatial distribution (halos of dark matter / dark energy and gravitational waves, the complex dark structure of the cosmic web), expression of the Component of Elementary Action that we call Perturbation, root of Space-time and Mass, source of metric and gravitational phenomena and dominated by gravity (and therefore observable through gravitational effects, e.g. gravitational dynamics of celestial bodies, strong and weak lensing, detection of gravitational waves).

On the other hand, the visible sector is composed of massive structures with high density and narrow spatial distribution (particles of ordinary, or even "exotic", but still visible / detectable, matter, ordinary energy and electromagnetic waves, the matter and radiation that makes up the "non-dark" part of the Universe), an expression, as well as of the Component of Elemental Action that we call Perturbation, above all of the Component Rotation, in its two sub-modes Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation, root of Charge and Spin, source of electrical and magnetic phenomena and dominated by electromagnetism.

Let's try to put things in order:

• from the perspective of what exists in terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes, we can define the InfoStructures as Processes, dynamic networks of Relations between Events, produced by Entities / Sources (Force / Field couples), which show some correlation in the basic dynamics of the Field, networks of organized Events that show consistent collective expressions / behaviors and common properties emerging from the more elementary levels of Reality, from the dynamics of Elementary Action. In other words, InfoStructures, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, are patterns of correlation among the quantities that describe the dynamics of each point of / in the Field (point-events), the dynamics of the so-called Micro-states, the point distributions in the time domain of the elementary fluctuations of the spatial dimensions in / of the Elementary Field (the Elementary Events, the Action). In summary, at the level of the Elementary Field, the InfoStructures represent networks of Elementary Events, that show some level of correlation (organized by Relations) and manifest a collective behavior from which a condition of individuation emerges such that the Structures themselves can be configured as independent entities.

• from the perspective of what exists in terms of Sources (Forces and Fields couples), Action, Information, Form, Structures can be seen as (Derived) Entities, causal and variational centers of action, produced by the incessant Action of the Force on the Field, in the inner interaction between the two aspects of the Primary Source, the Source of Reality. A structure represents an organized (more or less definite and identified / identifiable) portion of the Elementary Field, which can then be seen as a (Derived) Field (for example, the electric field manifested by a charged particle), which become source of a (Derived) Force (for example, the electric force manifested by that same charged particle, acting on another charged particle through the Field). The Structures in turn then become (Derived) Sources of Causality and Variationality, Entities, centers of causal and variational Action, which constitute the derived aspect of the fundamental entities (Force and Field) in which the Source of Reality manifests itself. Formed by Elementary Action and being centers of Derived (more complex) Action, the Structures manifest form, properties, behaviors and dynamics that depend on their particular constitutive profiles of the Modes / Components of Elementary Action (Perturbation, Translation and Rotation, in the two sub-modes Rotation-Chirality and Rotation-Axis Orientation). These Derived Entities are the structures that populate both the dark / invisible and ordinary / visible sides of the Universe.

• from the perspective of the relations between continuity and discreteness, we can say that Structures represent the discrete (quantized) aspect of Reality in a continuous Field. Although composed by the correlations of an enormous number of Events in space-time domains, nets of dynamical micro-states in a continuous field, Structures can be considered as units, units intended as organizations or systems, "individualities", that show emergent properties and behaviors. The key element for this emerging and special unity / individuality of each Structure of Information is the level of correlation between the Elementary Events that participate in, support its existence. When the intensity of the correlations between the Elementary Events of a dynamic set is greater than the intensity of the correlations between such Events and all the other Events that animate the Field not included in the dynamic set considered, we can say that the correlations between the distributions of elementary fluctuations of / in the Field or, in other equivalent terms, the Relations between the Elementary Events of the dynamic whole considered, constitute a Structure of Information of / in the Field. The border between the continuous and the discrete (two aspects that coexist in Physical Reality, the discrete that emerges from the continuous and influences its form and dynamics in an incessant co-formative, co-evolutionary process) is a very often blurred boundary, only sometimes clearer, sharper. Everything that we perceive or imagine as clearly distinct, separate, confined, is in fact not so if we observe its boundary at the smallest dimensional scales. Already at the molecular level, even more so at the atomic and subatomic level. In the ordinary conception, we imagine electrons as elementary, "simple", unitary, point-like particles, of which, net of quantum indeterminacy and their peculiar dynamics, it is possible to determine their position with infinite precision, while at the same time renouncing similar precision infinite for the measurement of the speed of movement in space-time (position and velocity, or better "momentum", the product of the mass and velocity, are conjugate quantum quantities). This is not the case. In this model of representation of Reality, in the Evolutionary Knowledge System, an electron, as Structure of Information, of the "Vortex" type / "Particle" sub-type, and for all the characteristics of the model, is hypothesized to be a portion of space-time, or rather of the Elementary Field, organized (with a particular configuration of the correlations between the distributions of the elementary fluctuations of / in the Field, a configuration that has the shape of a three-dimensional "Vortex", whose blurred boundaries find a fluctuating dynamic limit in the very indeterminacy of the correlations, in the sense that the intensity of the correlations at the spatial boundaries of the electron fluctuate around the average value of the indeterminacy, making the boundary which would virtually be infinite/indeterminate blurred). What takes on particular relevance here are not the Events themselves, which can enter and exit the considered set (dynamic in this sense), but the Relations that bind them, that "organize" them, the correlations between the distributions (temporal) of the elementary (spatial) fluctuations of the Field which constitute the Elementary Events. These Relations, these schemes of correlation, represent Information, or, in its most basic sense, Energy (Information purified of the aspect of the Form of higher levels of complexity, Energy represents a more elementary expression of Information, a sort of synthetic, aformal, expression, in the sense of measurement of a physical parameter averaged over an interval of space and time as in statistical mechanics, e.g. "temperature", synthetic measurement of the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms, a domain of atoms considered as "isolated", unitary and identified or identifiable.

• from the perspective of the role they play in the construction of Reality: the Structures are the (Derived) Entities that compose the physical world: force carriers, Radiation, Dark matter, particles of Ordinary / Visible / Bright matter, and all the connected fields and forces, as their expressions. As entities, Waves, Vortices (massive particles) and Interactions, the elementary and composite structures of Matter and Radiation, can be defined Agents; specifically, Quantum Agents, as their interactions mainly follow the principles of Quantum Dynamics, and the formulation of Quantum Field Theory. InfoStructures represent the causal sources of the quantization of matter and energy in the continuous Elementary Field. Structures are the building blocks of Material Forms, the objects of Physical Reality. As nets of Physical InfoStructures in incessant interaction (like waves and particles), as we will see in the next chapter, the Material Forms evolve in more and more complex objects (atoms, molecules, bodies, etc.), showing different emergent features and properties, behaving in the different ways as described by the dynamics proper to that peculiar kind of Structure / Form (the physical and chemical dynamics for atoms forming molecules, for molecules forming materials, for materials forming complex bodies like rocks, tissues, organisms, planets and stars, and so on). Transcending the level of the Structures, new properties and behaviors emerge with the evolution of Material Forms. And vice versa, the new properties and behaviors of the Forms, make the Structures to evolve modifying their behavior, their properties, in an incessant co-evolution that gives form to the Universe (Process of Formation of Reality).

Importance

As said above, everything we observe, everything we measure, everything we are, everything we imagine… Everything has / is structure. We and everything around us is made up of structures, objects, things, Forms or parts of Forms, Systems of Forms. Structures that make up structures, systems of structures and parts in dynamic relation, everything is "structured Information" in incessant interaction.

All levels of Reality are equally important and essential to understand the existence of everything, but the level of InfoStructures together with that of Forms are the ones that we have most before us, and therefore it seems normal that it is the most attractive aspect to study, and the most accessible. The products of their incessant cosmic dance affect our senses, inducing perceptions, which become sensations, sometimes emotions, thoughts, models, systems of knowledge... A cognitive complexity that reflects the complexity of the Structures and the Forms that make up Physical Reality. It is no coincidence that "traditional" science, mainstream research so to speak (physics, chemistry, astrophysics, cosmology, ...), deals above all with InfoStructures and Forms and their dynamics, even if these classes are called otherwise (particles, waves, interactions, objects, stars, galaxies, etc.).

Due to its proximity to us, the space occupied by this field of research in modern physics and the amount of theoretical and experimental activity related to it are enormous. The intellectual effort, as well as the experimental one, is impressive, with huge investments concentrated above all on the development of ever more powerful colliders, in search of new particles and increasingly accurate measurements of their properties. Particles, particles, particles... InfoStructures... It is important to study them, but to understand their nature, origin, structure, internal dynamics and mutual interactions, their role in the construction of Physical Reality, etc. it is not enough to observe collisions at increasingly higher energies. Since the physical world is not only made up of InfoStructures (dark and visible), to go deeper and try to understand the Fundamental Nature of Reality, it is not enough to study particles, waves and their interactions, it is necessary to observe Nature with new eyes and an open mind. Particle models, useful for understanding and classifying particles and their interactions, if they saturate the theoretical panorama and the experimental activities, risk being an obstacle to the understanding of Reality at a deeper level, for the construction of a unitary vision of Reality, of Nature, of the Universe.

It is so important to grasp the true nature of InfoStructures also and above all to build a correct representation, a more accurate, plausible and "realistic" vision. In my opinion, much of the strangeness and incomprehensibility of Quantum Mechanics derives precisely from the erroneous representation of quantum objects (waves and particles) and their interactions. These erroneous concepts have led to contradicting principles of Reality such as non-locality and to imagining an absurd world where space and time lose their fundamental characteristics which, together with causality, define the Reality of which we are part. They even led to the redefinition of the concept of Reality and realism, when it was sufficient to abandon classical and relativistic determinism in favor of indeterminacy and probabilities. And faced with this theoretical debacle, the response was "Shut up and calculate!", or strange interpretations that made no sense to me (many worlds, pilot waves, deterministic interpretation with hidden variables, etc.). The erroneous conception of the nature and form of quantum objects has led to counterintuitive deductions that have influenced the entire panorama of fundamental physics, scientific research in general, philosophy, culture, and has even influenced the vision of the Reality of common man.

Origin

Where the InfoStructures come from? Which is their origin? How they take form?

The simple and concise answer is that they form from the dynamics of the Elementary Field, which we call the Dynamics of Elementary Action, ruled by the three Fundamental Principles (Uncertainty, Action and Reaction and Least Action). Therefore, by origin, origination, we mean Formation, construction through creative and evolutionary processes, which, from the elementary fluctuations of the Field, lead first to the Invisible / Dark structures (Dark Halos / Bubbles) and then through their dynamics, to the Visible / Ordinary Structures (Massive Particles). This formation occurs essentially through two aspects of evolutionary processes.

The first, self-organization, is a fundamental aspect of the evolutive dynamics of Reality. The Structures emerge from the Field, coevolving in an incessant evolutive interaction with the dynamics of the Field itself.

The second, interaction, is the aspect through which many of the Structures are produced by the dynamics of existing Structures.

InfoStructures (Invisible and Visible, or Dark and Ordinary) originate from a specific part of the Process of Formation of Reality, through which Information is organized into Structures.

This process took an infinite Time, in the sense that there was no real beginning, that the process of (spontaneous) organization of the correlations (Relations) between the distributions over Time of the fluctuations of spatial distances with resonance at the Planck scale (Elementary Events), a process that we call Evolution, has gradually produced more and more turbulence in the Elementary Field, with the formation of increasingly extensive "bubbles" that have come to fill and saturate all the available Space (infinite and unlimited Space).

In this infinite Field full of turbulence, but above all in the "friction" zones of the large cosmic bubbles, smaller bubbles were formed, which underwent a progressive concentration. And also turbulence, friction, at smaller spatial dimensions, with increasingly intense interactions to form ever smaller and therefore infinitesimal vortices...

An extremely rarefied process of formation of elementary particles, the first elementary particles, microvortices, accelerated by gravity and magnetic fields, collisions that gradually produced composite particles of matter, more complex such as nucleons, to form the first atoms, the first gaseous molecules. And these, in ever denser clouds under the effect of gravity, formed the first stars, explosions, heavier elements, and so on in the evolution that produced the complex current Universe, the result of the co-evolution of the dark structure (the foamy and turbulent organization of Space that we can call the dark cosmic web) and the visible one (Matter and electromagnetic Radiation which constitutes the visible / ordinary part of cosmic structures).

Formation, an immense Force in Action on an infinite Field, Space and Time without limits, Information / Energy that gradually becomes Matter, Dark and Ordinary, Invisible and Visible Structures, which co-evolve towards the current Universe.

Nature which incessantly builds itself, gives itself a structure, creates and evolves Structures, and, from these, the Forms, the objects that we observe and measure, directly and indirectly.

Classification

The Physical InfoStructures can be classified in mani different ways, according to their main aspects, their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produce, etc.

According to their nature and structure, the Physical InfoStructures can be classified in two fundamental / pure types and a mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:

• Waves: they represent the dynamic structures able of carrying Information or, in terms of mainstream physics, vectors of (derived) forces. Here we find the gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), and their particle counterpart / representation, the photon,
• Vortices (massive particles): they represent the conservative structures, from whose fundamental nature the mass phenomenon derives. Structured information which, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires an (apparently) permanent form. Dark matter halos, the invisible structure of the cosmos, which make up the complex cosmic web, the dark side of the Universe. Elementary particles, including leptons and quarks, in the visible sector of Matter,
• Interactions: from the interaction of these pure type of Structures composite particles arise, which form most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles).

According to the kind of Radiation or Matter their organization produce, we can classify them in:

• Invisible structures, the constituents of the Invisible / Dark Matter
  • Gravitational Waves
  • Dark halos (the diffuse low-density structures that create the texture of the cosmos, the galactic bubbles, and the even larger ones that house immense clusters and the other large cosmic structures)
  • Interactions (the dark turbulence and the various (sub-) structures of the cosmic web)
• Visible structures, the constituents of the Visible / Ordinary Matter
  • Electromagnetic Waves: one cycle waves / massless particles (photon)
  • Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks)
  • Interactions (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles, particles from whose interaction the atoms are formed and other particles that are created in high-energy phenomena / collisions)

Properties

The properties of Physical Structures of Information essentially are characteristics (intensive or extensive) that can be observed / measured without changing the identity of the Structure (without transmuting the nature of the Structure of Information; said in terms of this model: without changing the Information, the Form of the Structure, crucially, such to modify the type of structure, e.g. measuring a property of an electron without transforming it into another particle, such as a quark). In other words, any information on the state and behavior of a Structure, or a kind of Structure.

In general, we can say that all the Physical InfoStructures have causal, spatial and temporal extension. Other properties are related to the shape of the structure (the form in space), to its dynamics (the form in time) and to the ways in which it can interact with other structures. Many other properties derive from the way in which the single structure is aggregated with other forms.

Among the fundamental properties, there are those that relate to the most fundamental aspects of Physical Reality, we can find the Causal extension (Complexity), the Spatial extension and the Temporal extension.

Among the derived properties, the main ones are linked to the physical quantities that directly derive from the Modes/Components of the Elementary Action: the Mass, the Motion, the Charge and the Spin

From these properties come all other derived properties that describe the Form and Behavior, and which determine the Dynamics of the Structures. For example, the other quantum numbers / properties and the other physical properties: thermodynamic, electric and magnetic, mechanical, optical, chemical, etc. properties.

Dynamics

In the Process of Formation of Reality, the Dynamics of the InfoStructures is that part of Evolutionary Dynamics that specifically describe the level of InfoStructures. It analyzes all the processes of the two main classes of structures, the Structures of Propagation (Waves) and the Structures of Conservation (Vortices), and the Interactions of the two that produce the (Mixed) Structures that compose the Material Forms, the states of matter, the objects of Physical Reality.

The interaction between InfoStructures is the bridge toward Material Forms. More than the properties of the single structures, is the "collective behavior", the emerging properties of the dynamics of nets of Structures, at the same time belonging to the same class and to different classes, what determines the properties of Material Forms. Here we can thing to the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma and various types of condensates) to the different chemical elements that forms more and more complex molecules with increasingly amazing properties and behaviors.

Looking at Reality at the most complex levels, all the Material Forms, like chemical, geological, organic, biological, cosmic structures, and the most complex forms made by the cognitive action of the Living Beings, show a vast and mutating net of properties emerging and incessantly evolving from the properties and the dynamics of the underling levels of the Structures that compose them. The properties and the dynamics of the elementary levels of Reality determine, entails, the emergence of the properties and the dynamics of the objects that populate the more complex levels, but in turn this evolution toward complexity enables the emergence of new and more complex properties and behaviors of the objects of the more elementary levels, incessantly opening new possibilities of further evolution toward new levels of organization of Reality. It is an iterative and nested process of co-evolution of elementary and complex levels, of what exists and what can exist, the actual and the possible, which interests all the aspect of the Existence and the Essence / Form of Reality.

Observation

What is different observing Structures from absolute or relative perspectives, from the point of view of the Field (the absolute perspective) or from the point of view of the Structures themselves (the relative perspective)?

In a further section, we will describe, the same Structures viewed from the two perspectives. In particular, a Vortex-like Structure uniformly moving in the Field (a simple case), observed by:

• the absolute perspective of:
  • a point event of the Field, a point in Space
  • a portion of the Field, a set of points events, a Space domain,
• the relative perspective of:
  • the same observed InfoStructure, moving in the Field.

From the point of view of the Field (the absolute perspective), we can see a Structure as a pattern of organization of the tempotal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuation of the Field itself, a scheme of correlation of the micro-states that describe the dynamics of the point events of the Field, a space time domain that shows the same Information, organized Action with a form. In the unstructured Elementary Field, the absolute, for definition, no reference points can be found. Reference points (relative, by definition) can only be represented by some form of structure, Structures or by Forms as sets, networks of Structures. So, from the point of view of the Field, we will always see a Structure as a scheme of organization forming, propagating, conserving, transforming or disappear, a pattern in the organization of the point distributions of the elementary fluctuations of Space time itself. And more, observing a Structure from the absolute perspective, not as a point event, but as a portion of the Field, with a non-null Space and Time extension, will give us a close vision of the dynamics of the Elementary Field that underlines the dynamics of the particles and the waves and their multiform interactions.

Observing a Structure from the relative perspective, from the point of view of the structure resting or moving in the Field, we will see a variation of the parameters of the same structure, or a changing in the same Information that forms the Structure, caused by the continuous interaction between the Action in the Field, with any Information that gives it a structure, and the Information of the considered Structure. For "any Information" we always intend some part of one or more Structures that include in their space time extension the considered portion of the Field.

At the end, we can say that the continuous interaction between Action (Perturbation, Translation and Rotation) of the Field and Information (the pattern of organization of the correlations between P-T-R) of the Structure determines Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin and the dynamics of the Structure itself and, at the same time, modifies the Physical Quantities of the Field and, at the same time, the shape in Space, the permanence in Time and the Physical Quantities of the Structure.

Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper

• Go to the contents list of the paper "The Fundamental Nature of Reality"

• Go to Chapter 2 "A first look"