TFNR - The Scales of Reality

Spatiality - Space

Observing Nature from a spatial point of view, we perceive the vastness of the spectrum of observable dimensions—from the tiniest Particles of Ordinary Matter to the outermost limits of the observable Universe. Yet Nature extends spatially far beyond what we can observe—and even far beyond what we can imagine.

In the small, it reaches down to the Planck scale—and even further, toward the infinitely small. In the large, it stretches to the borders of the Universe as we currently conceive it—based on observations of a very distant past that arrive to us today and compel us to calculate immense sidereal distances.

Let's try to provide some numerical values—though in many cases these are approximate estimates, since observational data and theoretical models often offer limited precision:

• 10^-∞ meters: the continuum in Space Dimension
• 10^-35 meters: the Planck scale - Planck length
• 10^-20 to 10^-15 meters: the scale of Ordinary Matter Particles
• 10^-3 meters: the observed microwave radiation at about 2.7 K, which corresponds to a frequency of about 160.2 GHz and a wavelength approximately 2 mm, commonly named CMB - Cosmic Microwave Background. Instead of being the relics of the Big Bang, I hypothesize that it represents the black body radiation of the cosmos itself—the measured slight variations in this temperature reflect the spatial distribution of the Mass of the Dark Matter / Dark Energy components within cosmic structures (the so-called "cosmic web" with its voids, walls/sheets, filaments and nodes)
• 10^0 meters: we, the scale of magnitude of the spatial dimensions of our body, our today life objects

• 10^9 to 10^12 meters: Stars (e.g., Sun ~ 1.4x$10^{9}$ m diameter; supergiants up to ~ 10¹² m)

• 10^18 meters: Reference scale for interstellar distances (e.g., 1 light-year ~ 9.46x10^15 m; 100,000 light-years ~ 10^21 m)

• 10^20 to 10^22 meters: Galaxies (e.g., Milky Way ~ 10²¹ m across)

• 10^22 to 10^23 meters: Clusters of Galaxies (e.g., Coma Cluster ~ 10^23 m)
• 10^23 to 10^25 meters: Nodes of the Cosmic Web — dense regions where filaments intersect, typically hosting massive galaxy clusters
• 10^24 to 10^25 meters: Superclusters (e.g., Laniakea ~ 5x10^24 m)
• 10^24 to 10^26 meters: Filaments of the Cosmic Web — thread-like structures connecting clusters and superclusters, containing over 50% of the universe's Matter
• 10^25 to 10^26 meters: Walls / Sheets of the Cosmic Web (e.g., Sloan Great Wall ~ 1.4×10^26 m)
• 10^25 to 10^26 meters: Giant voids of the Cosmic Web (e.g., Boötes Void ~ 2x10^25 m)
• 8.8×10^26 meters: The observable Universe in accordance with the Standard Cosmological Model
• 10^∞ meters: despite current observations and models, I hypothesize that the Universe is spatially infinite. If we were to adopt a concept widely used in contemporary science—"naturalness" (a notion I do not particularly appreciate, as it appears rather presumptuous for us to define what Nature, in its infinite complexity, can or cannot do, can or cannot be)—then we might argue that imposing limits on the spatial extension of the Reality in which we exist seems profoundly unnatural. Who—or what—could have established such limits, such boundaries? Under what principles, and for what purpose?

Many of the steps listed in this sequence of increasing orders of magnitude appear to define true resonances—intervals of spatial extension in which Nature's creativity and evolutionary capacity seem to concentrate. These resonances manifest as peaks in the Complexity of Forms (structures, objects, systems, etc.), characterized by relatively homogeneous dynamics, and which collectively appear to constitute the raw material—the building blocks—for the emergence of complexity in the next resonance.

This occurs both from a causal perspective, in terms of Complexity, and from a spatial one. And not only that—we will now see that even from a temporal point of view, specific durations seem to emerge that characterize distinct causal and spatial resonances.

In general, the greater the spatial extension, the longer the durations and temporal intervals that define the dynamics of the structures emerging within the various "spatial resonances".