TFNR - Cosmic Web

After all that we have said about cosmic objects / bodies and cosmic structures such as voids and giant voids, it should be clear what we mean by the Cosmic Web, what its nature and collective dynamics are, which are precisely identified with the nature and dynamics of the entire Universe.

Cosmic Web is not only the visible part, filaments and nodes, clusters, galaxies and gases. It is above all the Dark (invisible) structure-Dark Matter and Dark Energy-, which forms and hosts the Ordinary (visible) Matter that we see sparkling in the darkness.

I have just spoken about the voids. Let us now examine the most visible part of the contents of the Universe, where however the dark components of Matter / Energy prevails.

-> INSERT IMAGE: Filaments and nodes in the structure of the Cosmic Web

Above and in the three previous sections, dedicated to substances, objects, bodies and structures in the cosmos, I have already exposed many hypotheses on cosmic objects and their dynamics. Hypotheses that fit into the unconventional vision of Reality and the Universe proposed in this work.

Hypotheses, proposals permeated by an evolutionary approach, by a vision of Reality as a complex process with a multi-level structure, which incessantly springs from the expression of a Primary Source. All this obviously also applies to the particular universal structure that we call Cosmic Web for its peculiar shape, a network composed of filaments of various lengths and thicknesses that connect nodes of various sizes and densities. As mentioned, a reticular structure such as that which is observed in every direction in Space could not have formed if immense empty regions, with their structure and dynamics had not designed interstitial spaces and produced the substances, bodies, objects, structures that populate them and animate them with complex evolutions dominated by the phenomena produced by the phenomena that we try to understand in the framework of Evolutionary Dynamics.

Let us now try to summarize the fundamental aspects of this complex and articulated cosmic megastructure.

Classification

The Cosmic Web is essentially formed by four main structures based on the dynamics of Matter and Energy (Dark and Ordinary) distribution:

• Voids: as seen, these are vast, under-dense regions where few galaxies exist.
• Sheets: large, flat structures where matter is spread out in a two-dimensional plane. They act as transitional zones between voids and denser regions.
• Filaments: the most recognizable feature of the Cosmic Web, filaments are elongated structures connecting galaxy clusters. They contain a significant fraction of the Universe’s Matter.
• Knots: dense regions where multiple filaments intersect, forming galaxy clusters. These are the most massive structures in the Cosmic Web.

Structure

Resuming what has already been said, simplifying, the Cogmic Web is a cosmic structure extended to the entire Universe, it is the structure of the Universe, substantially formed by Dark turbulence, a mix of gradients, flows and twists, waves, vortices and interactions, made up of Processes in constant disequilibrium between chaos and order, more or less organized, which is embodied in a foam-like structure, with irregular bubbles / vortices / halos of various sizes, in incessant interaction, which fill all the available Space in the Universe.

The large voids define the large-scale structure of cosmos, the medium-sized turbulent bubbles develop and establish themselves in the larger interstitial spaces between the giant voids, medium-sized bubbles which we identify as the nodes of the Web, and the bubbles of increasingly smaller extension (small clusters, galaxy groups and the single galaxies) fill the medium bubbles in the nodes and above all the filaments that connect the nodes, developing and establishing themselves in the interstitial spaces between the large bubbles.

This infinite network appears, therefore, as a foam of soap bubbles, ethereal and apparently ephemeral, but which in fact dominate and design the eternal universal dynamics. Galaxies, with their Dark Halos, with their core of Dark Matter and their shells of more or less compressed / dense Dark Energy, are like the small bubbles, small and mobile, that we see in the foam that we produce with soap, or like the small bubbles of value that form when we boil water to cook.

It seems like a banal and slightly stupid example, but I think it fits well to describe the general situation of the Universe and of the Cosmic Web that characterizes its structure at all cosmic scales. It is as if the Elementary Field, under the incessant Action of the Elementary Force, had undergone, and continues to undergo, a continuous and progressive heating that produces a sort of boiling. Obviously, this is not matter like water in a pot, but the comparison seems useful to me to convey the idea of ​​the Universe in Formation, in Evolution.

It is the Elementary Field, which observed from the point of view of its dynamics, of the Elementary Action that animates it, in the Component Perturbation, tends to form vortex bubbles in its natural turbulence, which from infinitesimal spatial and temporal dimensions, extends to the widest cosmic dimensions. Vortex bubbles, formed by flows generated by Perturbation gradients, which precisely because of their nature acquire Mass, negative and positive, in the differentiation of the Perturbation levels around a local or universal average value. Here the bubbles, immense or small, form in the vortex turbulence, with their cores at negative Mass (Dark Matter) and their shells at positive Mass (Dark Energy).

Immense bubbles with very low density that leave narrow interstitial spaces for thin "Sheets" and narrow "Filaments" of small bubbles (Dark Halos that develop as galaxies, gradually incorporating the Ordinary Matter that incessantly forms due to the friction between the external shells of Dark Energy of the bubbles, especially the larger ones characterized by a greater angular velocity, Voids, superclusters, etc.

Giant voids, in their rotational dynamics in their mutual interactions tend to drag the small bubbles that host galaxies towards the nodes, which gradually enrich themselves with galaxies, condense into clusters and superclusters, causing significant dynamic and structural effects on the entire Cosmic Network, including the phenomenon that we call "cosmic expansion", the result of the incessant condensing, structuring / organization, complexification of the Elementary Field, and therefore of the Universe.

From what has been said, Dark Matter and Dark Energy, the invisible "substances" that compose the main Structures that draw the Cosmic Web, constitute the majority of the Mass (negative and positive respectively) of the cosmic network, and, in addition to causing the Processes of Formation of Ordinary Matter and providing the structure that allows it to accumulate and form galaxies, are responsible for much of the attractive and repulsive gravitational forces that draw the structure of the Universe.

The invisible structure of the Cosmic Web, with its incredible extension and complexity, therefore represents the essence of the turbulent and interconnected nature of the Universe.

The structure of the Cosmic Web shows a clear fractal dimension, as do many of the Structures that make up Physical Reality. This fractality is also manifested in the distribution of the density of Mass (negative and positive). The density of Mass varies greatly between the different structures and substructures of the Web. The internal regions of the voids are not uniform, they show a significant variation in density and substructure. The Cosmic Web has a hierarchical nature, with smaller structures within larger ones (voids within larger voids, filaments and walls that branch out).

While conceptually the general structure of the Cosmic Web seems quite simple, in detail things become much more difficult. The structure of the filamentary network, in particular, appears very complex, as it is hierarchical and multiscale, with branches of various widths and lengths that intersect at a wide range of angles.

Rather than components, objects, separate structures, it is useful to think of the Cosmic Web as a turbulent fractal continuum with nested levels, where the entire Dark structure is an immense continuous "substance" with the typical forms of turbulence that we know from fluid dynamics (flows, waves, vortices, other turbulent structures, viscosity, circulation, velocity, current, fluid motion, energy cascade, etc). Only it is not a fluid composed of the Matter that we are used to observing, made of particles and waves that incessantly interact forming increasingly complex and articulated corpuscles. The Dark side of Matter (DM and DE) is less discretized than that of Ordinary Matter, where Particles and Waves are more individual and identifiable Structures, except for multicycle Waves (e.g. radio waves) which, as seen, have a less localized / localizable nature and structure.

Dark InfoStructures must be seen and represented as a sort of regions (both for Dark Waves - gravitational waves - but especially for Dark Vortices) that show areas of depression and others of overpressure, areas in which Time flows slower than the universal average and others in which it flows faster. No clear cut. As mentioned, these are impalpable structures, with extremely low density, very extensive, without clear boundaries, which fade into the natural spontaneous turbulence of the Field, in the indeterminacy of its microscopic dynamics.

Regarding the amount of Mass, it seems that the filaments can contain half of the mass in the Universe, followed by walls, voids and clusters with 25, 15 and 10 per cent, respectively. In terms of volume on Space, the voids seem to be dominant with 78 per cent of the volume, followed by walls and filaments with 18 and 6 per cent. Cluster environments seem to take an insignificant fraction of the cosmic volume.

These estimates help us understand where we can hypothesize to find the greatest amount of Mass associated with Ordinary Matter. Obviously, where the total Mass density, of which the Mass associated with the Dark component is predominant, is higher. In the filaments, in the walls, and then in the nodes that host the clusters.

According to the hypotheses that I have formulated regarding the nature and dynamics of the processes responsible for the Formation of Ordinary Matter, it is precisely on the border of the large voids (a blurred border saturated with Dark Energy, where therefore Time flows faster than average and the turbulence of the Field is greater and can reach extremely intense peaks in the friction between the immense empty bubbles), in the interstitial areas occupied mainly by filaments and walls, full of galaxies dragged by immense rotations towards collection points, which we observe as large attractors, important intersections of the powerful dynamic interactions of the giant voids.

In the friction between the boundaries of the rotating Dark Structures, most of the small Dark bubbles are formed, which represent the Galactic Halos, and, above all, all the Ordinary Matter which then tends to migrate towards the adjacent interstitial spaces, in the filaments and walls, where immense flows and clouds of gas swirl majestically like the waters of mountain streams, gathering in bends and shallows, in depressions of turbulence, where, collapsing inside the Dark Halos, they form the galaxies that populate the densest and most compact Dark Structures.

-> INSERT IMAGE: Structure of cosmic filaments and nodes

Formation

According to conventional cosmology, the Universe began as a nearly uniform soup of matter and energy. Over billions of years, gravity pulled matter into denser regions, forming interconnected filaments. The cosmic web, the vast interconnected structure of the Universe, composed of filaments and layers of matter that form the large-scale backbone of galaxies and galaxy clusters, is thought to be the result of gravitational interactions and the evolution of matter after the Big Bang. Science believes that in the early Universe, matter was distributed nearly uniformly, with tiny variations in density. Over time, gravity amplified these variations, pulling matter into filamentary structures that eventually formed galaxies and clusters. Recent observations suggest that the Cosmic Web began to form very early in the history of the Universe as imagined in the standard model of cosmology.

As is clear from what has been said so far, I do not agree with this vision that I consider simplistic, abstract, completely implausible and incompatible with what we observe in the cosmos. In my vision the Universe is not the result of an event or a series of events placed in time, no Big Bang, no Inflation. The Universe, as the entire manifestation of Reality, has no age. It is eternal in the past as in the future. Just as it has no spatial boundaries, it is unlimited and infinite. The processes that gave rise to the formation of the Universe as we observe it today are processes that began in a timeless past, without a definite beginning. If we have to identify a time frame for the formation of the Universe, with its current degree of organization, complexity, with its current form, we must think of a time much longer than the age that is hypothesized and supported by considerations that frankly I do not agree.

A period much longer than the 13.8 billion years that are hypothesized. This time span, which seems immense from a human perspective, is in my opinion incredibly short to justify the existence of such a complex and articulated structure, the Cosmic Web in its Dark / invisible and Ordinary / visible components. How is it possible that all this immense complexity could have formed in such a short period (short obviously from a cosmological perspective)? How is it possible that a simple and, from a universal perspective, insignificant collision between two galaxies (Milky Way and Andromeda) among billions of galaxies is imagined to take 5 billion years to complete, and it took "only" less than 14 billion years to build the rest of the Universe? When I speak of plausibility, this is exactly what I mean. How can we think that a marginal sub-process of an immense process (in my opinion infinite) can be completed in a significant fraction of that global process.

In natural evolutionary Processes, although substantial developments sometimes materialize in real evolutionary leaps, long-term trends show a certain continuity characterized by incessant small adaptations and increases in Complexity. Thinking of a duration ratio as unbalanced as the one mentioned, 5 billion years for a galactic merger against 13.8 billion years for the entire history of the Universe, would be like imagining that the evolution of Homo sapiens had required not about 300,000 years, as believed, but about a third of the entire duration of the development of life on our planet! So, assuming the appearance of life 4 billion years ago, not 300,000 years, but 1.3 billion years. Significant difference!

Yes, it is true that these are completely different phenomena, one concerning fundamental physics, the other evolutionary biology. But I believe that the more we investigate fundamental phenomena, the more time is needed for Nature (the formative, creative and evolutionary processes) to produce significant increases in Complexity. I dare not imagine the immense times needed to pass from the first inhomogeneities of / in the Elementary Field to the immense voids that have saturated all the available space, to the point of triggering the formative processes of the denser Dark Structures and of the Ordinary Matter that subsequently went to populate them, forming the visible part of the Cosmic Web.

So, in my opinion, in line with everything expressed in this work, and in particular in this chapter, the responsibility for the formation of the Cosmic Web as we observe it and suppose it to be made, is not only gravity, but also and above all the dynamics and interaction of the large voids. In my view, it is not true that Ordinary Matter was generated by an event such as the Big Bang, and initially distributed in an almost uniform way, and that, thanks to gravity, it subsequently settled into some regions, flowing from the voids towards the walls, inside the walls heading towards the filaments that surround these planar structures, and again inside the filaments moving towards the regions of the clusters. The universe would have originated as an almost uniform soup of matter and energy, and over the course of billions of years, gravity would have attracted matter into denser regions, forming interconnected filaments. Everything would have formed following gravitational interactions and the evolution of matter after the Big Bang. This is not true, or it is not "completely" true. Voids don't form as matter collapses into denser areas, leaving empty spaces behind.

As I will try to tell in the final section of this chapter, we need to tell another story. A story that, as mentioned, sees a first significant step in the formation of dark bubbles starting from small inhomogeneities in the dynamics of the Elementary Field. Small inhomogeneities that over very long times have grown in extension, arriving to populate the entire Universe, gradually saturating all the available Space. Gradually through interactions, a dominant chirality has prevailed in the large bubbles in formation. The interactions between the large empty bubbles has confined smaller bubbles in the interstitial spaces, dominated by the external shells of these gigantic Dark InfoStructures. The friction between the external dynamics of the voids and the smaller bubbles triggered processes of formation of Ordinary Matter which, due to the location of the formation sites and the greater density of the medium and small bubbles present in the filaments and nodes confined in the interstitial regions of what was evolving towards the structure of the Cosmic Web, tended to collapse into what became the Dark Halos, cradles of galaxies and clusters and superclusters.

So, I think that the formation, dynamics and evolution of cosmic voids and the Cosmic Web is indeed linked to the role of gravity and the flow of Matter, therefore that the formation of cosmic structures was and is driven not only by gravity, but also by the dynamic flow of Matter. But not in the sense outlined by conventional cosmology. With respect to my vision, I would like to reiterate (as I believe this is an essential step for a true understanding of the alternative vision I propose here) a fundamental step is missing, the starting point is different, and so is the order of the formative sub-processes:

• The process of formation of Ordinary Matter is missing, which replaces the Big Bang, as I have already said, in my opinion an improbable conceptual absurdity. So the starting point is not that the universe initially existed as an almost uniform soup of matter and energy. Ordinary Matter began to form in a second phase, when the formation of the structure of the dark component of the Cosmic Web was so to speak completed, it reached the right point of structural maturation, necessary to start the processes of formation of Ordinary Matter.
• The starting point is different, voids are not formed by emptying. They are not modeled by the flow of matter that moves away from these low-density regions towards higher-density structures. Matter does not simply collapse to form voids, it does not move from the voids towards the walls, and from there to the filaments, and from there towards the dense regions, towards the nodes, to form and grow clusters of galaxies. The voids, which, as we have seen, are not empty but full of Dark Matter surrounded by shells of very low-density Dark Energy, are born just like this, and for various dynamics they tend to remain empty.
• The order of the formative sub-processes is different:
  • Elementary spatial fluctuations (Elementary Events), which in a language dear to conventional science we could rename "quantum" fluctuations of the Elementary Field.
  • Emergence of microstructures of correlations in the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations.
  • Interaction of the microstructures and progressive formation of Dark InfoStructures with ever greater spatial expansion and temporal permanence.
  • Interaction of such Dark Structures with emergence of prevalence of chirality.
  • Saturation of the available Space following the further expansion of the Dark bubbles and formation of the structure of the Dak Cosmic Web, the foamy formation that sees bubbles of smaller extension and greater density of Mass, confined in the interstitial spaces between the dark bubbles that we call, somewhat improperly, giants voids.
  • Interaction of the Dark InfoStructures in the border regions of such foamy structure with the progressive formation of Ordinary Matter.
  • Interaction of the InfoStructures of Ordinary Matter in the border regions (essentially filaments and sheets/walls), with the formation of more complex InfoStructures of Ordinary Matter, composed through high-energy interactions between the Particles accelerated by the motions of the Dark Structures and their Magnetic Fields (from electrons and positrons to nucleons formed by quarks, which again by collision, form nuclei of hydrogen and then helium.
  • Accumulation, densification and of the InfoStructures and Forms of Ordinary Matter thus formed, and progressive concentration in the filaments and sheets / walls which become environments increasingly rich in gas.
  • Entrance and gravitational collapse of the gas in the bubbles / Dark Halos of nascent galaxies, bubbles of medium-small extension and with a greater density of Dark Matter and Energy, capable of exerting a greater gravitational attraction with respect to the surrounding environment of the filaments and sheets.
  • Formation of third-generation stars (with zero or very low metallicity) and then gradually of second and third generations with higher metallicity, thanks to the action of gravity, the rotational dynamics of the galactic dark halos, the turbulence of the intragalactic environment.
  • Emergence of substructures in the intragalactic environment, with different shapes and densities, such as the bulge, the arms, etc.
  • Evolution of galaxies, collisions and mergers, densification, etc.
  • Migratory dynamics of galaxies which, due to the effect of gravity, but above all of the complex dynamics and interactions between the components of the Cosmic Web, tend to flow in the filaments and sheets towards the nodes, where they condense into increasingly populous clusters and with increasingly articulated and complex dynamics.
  • And much more (e.g., complex gravitational, kinetic, etc. feedback phenomena responsible for what appears to us as cosmic expansion and its acceleration), which I will try to outline hereunder and in the next sections.

That's not all, but I believe we have identified and listed much of what has happened and is happening, and which has been decisive for the formation of the Cosmic Web and the Universe we observe.

Evolution

The factors that seem to drive and influence the evolution of the Cosmic Web mostly concern its dark components: the immense Dark Halos that we observe as substantially empty bubbles and that we call "voids and giant voids", the medium-sized Dark Halos, a little denser and somewhat turbulent that constitute the nodes of the network and that are occupied by clusters and superclusters of galaxies, the filaments and walls/sheets that represent the peripheral interstitial spaces of the large bubbles that represent the voids. And again, the Dark Halos that constitute the bubbles that constitute the dark component of the galaxies. In short, all the components that create the dark structure of the Cosmic Web, which generates, guides and directs the ordinary / visible components, gas and dust, stars, the entire galaxies, as if they were pearls in immense necklaces, and precious caskets full of sparkling jewels.

Following what has just been said about its formation, the main trends in the evolution of the Cosmic Web, which also seem to be supported by the most recent observations, seem to be the following (of course these are general trends, since locally different phenomena or peculiar dynamics that overlap and interact can produce different results):

• Progressive increase in the density of Mass and concentration of the dark / invisible components of the Cosmic Web albeit at different rates. The distribution of Mass and the volume occupied by the dark components of the Web vary over Time. The voids that have reached the saturation of the available space, there being no more free volume to occupy, increase the pressure on the interstitial spaces, especially on the less extensive and denser Dark Halos concentrated in the filaments and sheets that surround the giant voids. This pressure, in addition to producing greater friction responsible for the formation of greater quantities of Ordinary Matter (baryonic), generates feedback processes that lead to a progressively greater compression of the peripheral regions dominated by Dark Energy. In these interstitial spaces, the density of Mass increases and the pace of the flow of Time appears increasingly polarized between the faster pace of the increasingly turbulent spaces dominated by Dark Energy, and the slower flow within the Dark Halos of galactic bubbles, which evolve and move in those interstices, increasingly compressed and dense. The galactic bubbles that tend to collect the gas formed by the turbulence and friction generated by the large empty bubbles, and by the entire complex of the foamy structure of the Cosmic Web, are dragged by the powerful flows present in the interstitial spaces, in the sheets, but above all in the filaments, towards the nodes, which are enriched with dense galactic Halos, and by the Ordinary Matter that populates them forming the sparkling galaxies that we observe.

• Differentiated evolution times. From a Metrics and Mass perspective, I reiterate once again that the Cosmic Web ultimately is and should be imagined / considered as a "temporal foam". Everything we observe indirectly (the dark components and the part of ordinary components that for various reasons we cannot observe, such as gas clouds and dust with very low emission) and directly (most of the ordinary components, except those mentioned, not observable), everything that is out there, such as our bodies, the objects that surround us, the Earth, the Sun, the Moon and the planets, everything, from the complementary points of view of Metrics and Mass, everything is temporal foam in the macro as in the micro, organized in infinite continuously changing forms. Once again, I repeat that in my vision of Physical Reality, the temporal structure of the cosmos is not a side effect of the distribution of Mass and Energy in Space-time, but that the two aspects are the same thing, the same phenomenon observed from two complementary points of view, characterized by the same nature and origin: the presence of inhomogeneity in the dynamics of the Elementary Field, inhomogeneity that we call Elementary Action, whose correlations constitute the fundamental physical quantities, and whose organization in Space-time produces all the Structures of Ordinary and Dark Matter and Energy.

• Halo Evolution. The population of Dark Matter Halos evolves, with a rapid increase of high Mass Halos within the densest components of the Cosmic Web, the nodes populated by clusters and superclusters. Filaments tend to show a slower but constant growth in massive Halos, while sheets/walls and voids evolve more gradually. As we should expect based on the density of Mass and Motion, Matter and Energy, the population of Halos in the densest nodes and filaments shows a rapid evolution, especially at high Masses, with a significant increase over Time. In the less dense filaments, the evolution of the Halo population is slower, with an increase of massive halos and a decrease of low mass halos (absorbed by the more massive ones). In the walls and voids, as mentioned, the evolution of the Halo population is even slower. The dynamics of flow and accumulation of Matter and Energy, especially of Dark Structures, strongly influence the evolution of Halos in the complex and turbulent environment of the Cosmic Web.

• Evolution of Ordinary Matter and the substructures formed by it (formation, concentration and collapse of Ordinary Matter, so-called baryonic matter). As mentioned, (visible) Ordinary Matter tends to form due to the friction between the external regions (characterized by Dark Energy, with positive Mass) of the large Dark Halos, which constitute the skeleton of the Cosmic Web, and more generally in the turbulent, dynamic and more structured and populated interstitial regions between the large cosmic voids. It is here, in the intergalactic medium present in the filaments, that a significant fraction of the baryonic matter should be found, in the form of fast / hot particles, atoms and molecules dragged by the powerful mechanical flows produced by the rotation of the Web structures, which in certain situations (less dynamic and / or denser regions), like debris, concentrate in the bends of rivers where the current is less intense, which tend to concentrate in increasingly dense clouds and to collapse into the dense Halos that represent the dark component of the galaxies that we observe.

• Matter transport and gravitational flows. Let's start from the large voids that represent the backbone of the Web and the main source of its kinematics and related flows that are concentrated, as seen, in the turbulent and dynamic border regions. The voids with peculiar velocity fields show a strong outward flow, with velocity vectors pointing towards the surrounding walls and, together with the low density of Mass, limit the entry possibilities of the more compact and dense Dark Halos and Ordinary Matter. The sheets / walls carry the less extended Halos and Ordinary Matter towards the filaments, which tend to collect and convey them, to channel such material, such Dark and Ordinary Structures towards dense clusters of galaxies that form and evolve in the nodes of the Web. These flows are the main driver behind the variation in time of the fractions of Mass contained in the different components of the Cosmic Web. Matter, both Dark and Ordinary, net of the peculiar dynamics mentioned above, flows from low-density regions towards high-density Structures, due to the effect of universal gravitational dynamics.

• Gas Dynamics and Shock Waves. As Ordinary Matter moves in filaments, and collapses into the less dynamic and denser regions of the dark turbulence that characterizes the Web, the gas is heated up due to various phenomena, one of the most relevant being shock waves. Even more so within Galactic Halos, these interactions influenced star formation and the growth of galaxies along the filaments. This tendency to gravitational concentration and collapse that allows the formation of stars and intragalactic structures can be partly hindered by competing dynamics such as feedback from Supernovae and Black Holes, and more generally by intragalactic winds and magnetic fields. Explosions from supernovae and energy from active galactic nuclei (AGN) inject turbulence into the intragalactic environment and more generally into the Cosmic Web. This energy influences how Ordinary Matter flows and distributes itself across cosmic structures.

• Progressive increase in the level of organization, structuring, complexification of the Cosmic Web, of the Universe. The result of all that has been illustrated and of many other phenomena that operate at various levels on a wide range of dimensional scales of the Cosmic Web is precisely the incessant increase in organization, structuring, complexification of the entire Universe, Large, very large voids with very low density of Mass, which remain substantially empty while they rotate majestically in the cosmic darkness, incessantly drawing the structure of the Universe. Dark Halos increasingly dense and compact that concentrate us in the filaments and nodes of the Web. New Ordinary Matter that incessantly forms in the interaction of this immense network of large Dark Structures. Particles, atoms and molecules that in the turbulent and powerful cosmic dynamics disperse, sometimes condense, forming clouds, collapsing into the densest dark bubbles. And again, if the dynamics and galactic winds allow it, the clouds collapse, and stars form, light up and radiate the light we observe today. Ever more complex interactions form ever more complex sub-structures, star clusters, nebulae, spiral arms, nuclei, and so on. Stars and planets, and perhaps, life!

Among the most significant aspects concerning the Evolution of the Cosmic Web, and therefore of the cosmos in general, of the entire Universe, we find the phenomenon that is commonly called "cosmic expansion" and its acceleration in Time.

In my opinion, Dark Energy as it is conceived in current conventional cosmology, the mysterious form of Energy responsible for the acceleration of the expansion rate of the Universe, does not exist.

Three considerations.

The first concerns the phenomenon itself that is called cosmic expansion. In this model of describing Reality, and in the derived Evolutionary Cosmological Model that I spoke about in a previous section of this chapter, the expansion of the Universe, and therefore also its acceleration in time, is an apparent phenomenon. A phenomenon produced not by the increase in spatial distances between objects and cosmic structures, but by the progressive deformation of the organization of the Elemental Field, by the increase in inhomogeneities in the metric of Space-time, to be precise, of Time, the growing temporal inhomogeneities present in the Universe (since, as said several times, at scales of magnitude much larger than that of Planck, therefore already at the scale of Particles, Space is flat).

The second concerns the distribution of matter in the Universe. As I said, I am firmly convinced, and it seems to me that increasingly detailed observations are going in this direction, that the cosmos is not uniform even at the largest scales. Although the structure of the cosmos (how it is organized, structured, the level of complexity) is similar everywhere, the distribution of Matter (Dark and Ordinary) is not homogeneous. It seems like a contradiction, or nonsense, but what seems to be homogeneous is the way in which the cosmos is structured, its substantial inhomogeneity at all scales, inhomogeneity that tends to reproduce itself everywhere and in any era of the evolution of the Universe.

The third concerns the Big Bang and its "echo", what is considered (wrongly, in my opinion) the primordial radiation, the CMB. In my model, no Big Bang and no Inflation. So, CMB for me is not a cosmic fossil, a relic of an event, or a sum of events, in the remote past of the life of the Universe. In my opinion, it is a black body emission produced by the incessant and continuous Dynamics of the Elementary Field, of the natural spontaneous indeterminate turbulence that is the true substance from whose organization everything springs, the most elementary form of Existence, the Elementary Action that is expressed in the oft-cited fundamental Modes / Components. We can imagine it as the sound of Creation in progress, from whose Evolution incessantly springs, is built the Reality and the Universe that represents the temporal section that we call the Present. This consideration regarding the CMB, combined with the second one, regarding the distribution of matter in the Universe, make me believe that the conventional view of the origin and evolution of the Universe, including the idea of ​​cosmic expansion and its acceleration, is the result of a big blunder. A big collective error. An "ideological" error. Incorrect conclusions, arising from weak premises and an idealistic vision of Reality.

Therefore, I do not believe that the cosmic expansion and its acceleration are due to the mysterious dark energy as represented in the Standard Model of Cosmology (ΛCDM). I believe that, as summarized above, what we see is produced, to put it in other words and in terms closer to conventional science, by relativistic effects produced by the non-uniform distribution of Matter in the Universe. Dark Matter and Ordinary Matter. Or rather, Dark Matter and Dark Energy (the one hypothesized in this study of mine, characterized by positive Mass, correlation between positive levels of Perturbation, or, said in metric terms, a rate of flow of Time greater than the average universal rate, or of a significant neighborhood), together with Ordinary Matter obviously.

I take this opportunity to reiterate once again a fundamental concept that permeates all my research both for the dynamics of the microcosm, and for the cosmological vision that I propose here. Mass does not curve, does not deform Time. Mass and the curvature of Time are not only equivalent, they are exactly the same thing, they are different faces of the same natural dynamics. The Dynamics of the Elementary Field under the Action of the Fundamental Force, expression of the Primary Source of Reality. And it is precisely the inhomogeneity of the Component of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation here that is the root of the Mass and of the alterations of the flow of Time, which we observe as a deformation of Space-time. We observe it and interpret it as a Space-time curvature, therefore an elongation of spatial distances and a contraction of temporal intervals, but in fact it is only a contraction of temporal intervals, in the presence of an absence of variation of spatial distances. Curvature of Time, therefore, which is accompanied by a variation (local, more or less extended and inhomogeneous) of the limit speed of propagation of Causality, Action and Information in the Elementary Field.

Everything that exists in the Universe is inhomogeneity, or rather correlations between inhomogeneities of dynamic aspects of Reality. Inhomogeneity in the distribution of "things", or rather of Processes. At the most infinitesimal level, inhomogeneity in the distribution of Elementary Events, characterizable as temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations, in resonance around the Planck scale. At medium dimensional and complexity levels, inhomogeneity in the spatial and temporal distributions of the InfoStructures that populate the Microcosm, Waves, Particles and their Interactions. At more extensive dimensional and Complexity levels, inhomogeneity in the distribution of atoms, molecules, substances, bodies, objects, stars, galaxies, clusters, and again, voids, filaments and nodes of the Cosmic Web. Inhomogeneity everywhere, at all dimensional scales, in all aspects of Reality. Dynamic inhomogeneity, which, when poorly organized, we can call turbulence, and, when we observe a greater organization, we can call objects, Structures, Systems, Forms.

Dynamics and Interactions

All the phenomena we have described above, which characterize the formation and evolution of the Cosmic Web, are the manifestation of universal dynamics and of dynamics peculiar to the typologies of Structures involved and of the specific local interactions (local, although extremely extended in Space and Time, given the dimensions of the Structures involved and the finiteness of the upper limit for the speed of propagation of Causality / Action / Information).

What can we say that we haven't already said or at least hinted at? Let's try to summarize in a more structured way the main dynamics that characterize the Cosmic Web in the relationships / interactions between the components and the phenomena that underlie them.

• General Motion: everything in the Universe is "in" motion, everything "is" Motion. All Reality is Motion, fluctuation, variation, change, evolution. The Cosmic Web is a dynamic, turbulent, complex structure, whose components participate in the overall Motion of the Universe, through their own peculiar motions, both external (as parts of the universal system and all the subsystems of which they are part) and internal (the movements that occur in the more or less turbulent internal environments of the individual components of the Cosmic Web, between their parts, their internal subsystems). These are motions in the continuum (which "occur in" the Elementary Field, they are motions "of" the Elementary Field), even if in this continuous Field we identify and single out Dark and Ordinary InfoStructures, invisible and visible, which for descriptive and expository needs we consider as separate parts of a fragmented whole. If we observed this panorama from the perspective of the Elementary Field, we would not see voids, sheets and walls, filaments and nodes, galaxies, stars, etc. but we would see an infinite ocean of fluctuations, variously correlated, infinite patterns of organized Action, of Information, which interacts, propagates, conserves, evolves, etc.
  Even if in the end everything can or must be traced back to the initial Component of Action, Perturbation, root of Metric / Mass and of the related metric / gravitational phenomena (metric phenomena: deformation of the spatial and temporal distances "of" the Field, gravitational: deformation of Motion of InfoStructures "in" the Field), much of the Motion that we see in the cosmos, both at a general level and peculiar to the individual components of the Dark Cosmic Web (voids, sheets, filaments and nodes) is not directly attributable to gravitational attraction / repulsion. Even if Perturbation, which we can represent in the form of (temporal) gradients, is the cause of the formation and evolution of Translation (stress, turbulent flows in temporal geometry), and this is the cause of the formation and evolution of Rotation (torsion, vorticity in that same geometry), once produced, Translation and Rotation, tend to propagate in Space and conserve in Time, to evolve, to self-sustain in linear and rotational motions that we observe in the general dynamics of the Dark Cosmic Web and its components. For Ordinary Matter, although it is dragged by the dynamics of Dark Matter / Energy, the dynamics of concentration, collapse and formation of massive bodies and large and dense structures are mostly governed by gravitational phenomena.
  Motion of the Cosmic Web as a whole (of the entire Universe): given the impressive incessant movement (especially rotational) of the immense dark bubbles that we call Giant Voids, which constitute the skeleton on which the entire structure of the Cosmic Web and the largest moving structures observed so far are formed and evolve, it is likely that the entire Universe is affected by a global motion that is locally varied, but imaginable as a continuous flow and rotation of which we will never be able to appreciate the extension and boundaries. In this work I have in fact hypothesized that the Universe is infinite and eternal, unlimited in Space and Time, both in the past (origin without Time, Time, as well as Space, is seen as an emerging phenomenon of the Dynamics of the Elementary Field) and in the future (incessant and unlimited evolution, incessant creation of new Dark and Ordinary Matter / Energy, increasingly extended organization of Matter, infinite extension of the Cycle of Matter and Energy, which with efficient recycling and feedback mechanisms incessantly reproduces in infinite new forms and complexities the Process of Formation of Reality).
  Another aspect related to the global Motion of the Cosmic Web and the Universe is that of the prevalence of chirality in the Dark Structures. Based on what has been said so far, and above all in light of the hypotheses that I have formulated regarding the formative processes responsible for the evolution of the Dark Cosmic Web, I would expect a clear prevalence of a chirality in the opposite direction, more marked as the extensions of the observed structures increase. A fair prevalence should already be evident at the level of the galactic dark bubbles, which in their formation and evolution are obviously influenced by the local and overall dynamics of the Cosmic Web, which as we are hypothesizing should be highly chiral. But at the level of the immense bubbles of the giant voids, the prevalence of one direction of chirality over the opposite should be almost absolute. The Universe as a whole should show a prevailing chirality at a very large scale that should be reflected both in the direction of a possible global rotation of the universal cosmos, and in the prevalence of Ordinary Matter over antimatter. I believe the large-scale prevalence was produced by a random fluctuation and by the processes of interaction, fusion, annihilation, etc. of the Dark Structures during the (very long, infinite) evolutionary history of the Universe.
  Relative motion of the components of the Web: each type of component of the Cosmic Web, we are talking here essentially about the Dark components, composed of Dark Matter and Energy, bubbles and turbulent flows and vortices of bubbles, in a system of turbulent systems dominated essentially by their collective interactive kinematics, and to a lesser extent by the chirality ratios (Dark Charge), and orientation of the rotation axes (Dark Spin), and by the concentrated attractive gravity of the internal cores and distributed repulsive gravity of the external shells of the bubbles.
  The voids and giant voids, being vortical bubbles, very large, with low Mass density (negative, DM, and positive, DE) with a little varied, or very "dispersed", Mass density profile, will tend to rotate on themselves, deforming due to the compression resulting from the interaction with the other large surrounding bubbles and the other components that surround them, occupying the interstitial spaces between the walls (sheets / walls), the "edges" (filaments), the angular spaces between multiple interacting bubbles (nodes). But given their immensity, the extremely slow rotation and reaction times, the enormous "quantity of motion" that characterizes them (even in the presence of extremely low densities, but given the vast volumes occupied), their dynamics heavily influences the dynamics and dynamism of the other components involved, especially the sheets / walls and even more so the filaments. In this complex context, we must imagine these interstitial components, including the nodes, as spaces not occupied and substantially not occupyable by the large bubbles of the voids, where the subcomponents that occupy them move influenced by the peculiar motion of the components that host them. As an example, we can visualize the sliding of galactic bubbles inside a filament, in an "edge" between large voids, where the motions produced by the interactions between the galactic bubbles themselves are superimposed on the motions inside the filament, e.g. effects of "dark attractors, dipole repellers", etc. driven by the rotation and compression exerted precisely by the large voids that delimit and trap the filament). It is like observing a soap foam caressed by a light breeze. The large bubbles determine the global structure of the foam, the smaller bubbles move on the surface of the larger bubbles, in the spaces left free by them.
  All the motions, proper and relative, of the components of the Dark Cosmic Web lead to various effects, the most relevant of which are compression and concentration / densification, which, together with the kinematics, gravity, circularity and orientation of the rotation axes, represent the main factors that govern the delicate dynamic balances / disequilibria that characterize the formation and evolution of the Cosmic Web, the organization of the Universe.

• Internal Motion of the individual component types - Voids, Sheets / Walls, Filaments, Nodes (let's quickly summarize aspects already variously treated above):
  Voids
  Voids are dark bubbles, substantially devoid of internal structure for parts, they should not contain substructures, smaller bubbles, even if they always remain structures of turbulent nature that can highlight internal regions more or less dense compared to the ideal profile of the density of Mass. They are generally characterized by:
  - linear kinematics rather limited being substantially trapped in the matrix of the Cosmic Web, limited by the other large bubbles / voids, the larger the bubbles, the less their mobility within the dark matrix of the Cosmic Web,
  - extrinsic rotational kinematics (of the bubble as a whole) rather slow, regular and with slow adaptation and deformation (deformations are produced in the extrinsic rotation due to the opposition to the compression in the available volume that the bubble undergoes in the saturated environment of the Web). The extrinsic rotation of the bubble is one of the main phenomena that contribute to the formation of dark bubbles of medium extension (galactic cluster and supercluster bubbles) and small (e.g. galactic bubbles), and of Ordinary Matter (in the form of elementary particles, leptons, which through other phenomena, high-energy collisions, etc. produce the protons that constitute the majority of the hydrogen gas present in the interstitial regions of the Cosmic Web, sheets, filaments and nodes, and which fuel the formation and feeding of galaxies),
  - intrinsic rotational kinematics (of the bubble inside it), related to the vortical motion that constitutes its nature both from the structural dynamic point of view and from the conservative of the shape point of view, rather uniform at large scales, although substantially turbulent especially at smaller scales. This vortical motion drags any substructure possibly present in the bubble, as if it were a spot of color on a hard disk. In the case of accidental entry of galactic bubbles into a void (for example due to a fusion of voids that traps galactic bubbles inside the larger and more complex resulting bubble) we should see this substructure move with a motion resulting from the combination of various components, that of the galactic bubbles themselves, that determined by the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the void that contains them and that of its structural vortex motion. The result will be a complex trajectory that, in the extremely dilated time characteristic of the dynamics of the immense void bubbles, will realize the complete expulsion of the galactic bubbles that accidentally find themselves inside them. The intrinsic rotational kinematics is characterized by two fundamental parameters (in addition to other very important ones such as the average angular velocity): chirality, which we can call "Dark Charge", and orientation of the axis of intrinsic rotation, which we can similarly call "Dark Spin".
  Sheets / Walls
  Sheets or Walls are interstitial regions of the Cosmic Web, surfaces of large bubbles (voids) compressed against other large bubbles. Imagine observing soap suds. We will certainly be able to see its texture, the matrix of larger bubbles that determine the distribution of the smaller bubbles. Observing a sufficiently large volume, we would see surfaces that, even if perhaps slightly curved or slightly discontinuous, can be considered as real planes, surfaces that extend considerably, collecting, and so to speak squashing, on a more or less regular plane smaller bubbles that appear as if magically aligned.
  Unlike voids, which are elementary InfoStructures, with blurred boundaries, but all in all well identified and identifiable, sheets are composite structures, formed by smaller structures that, as mentioned, by compression and dragging arrange themselves on a more or less extended and regular plane. Structures immersed, or rather, part of a large and dynamic dark turbulence, in interstitial regions characterized by positive Mass, what we call Dark Energy. The sheets / walls on are therefore characterized by an "active" kinematics (linear, external or intrinsic rotational), but they adapt to the dynamics of the most extensive and massive components (voids and partly the nodes).
  The kinematics of the dark sheets / walls, as we want to call them, is characterized mainly by adaptations to compression dynamics and by the sliding of dark bubbles of even very small size. Typically we will see an almost planar arrangement of a large number of galaxies on a more or less extensive / regular plane, which can be more or less thick depending on the compressive force exerted by the voids that delimit the sheet and the dynamics of the galactic bubbles that move in it, attract each other, orbit each other, etc.
  The result of the compression will be a greater or lesser coplanarity, a greater or lesser thickness of the sheet. Sheet that will be characterized by non-uniform shapes and thicknesses especially over very large extensions, due to the different dynamic influences of the voids that delimit it, and of the other components of the Cosmic Web.<br The result of the sliding will be the confluence of the galactic bubbles and the gaseous material (which forms in the interstitial regions of frictional boundary between the voids) that move in the sheet towards one or more filaments that in turn delimit the sheet, filaments that substantially represent the edges of irregular curvilinear solids (the voids that, compressed, assume irregular curvilinear shapes like soap bubbles when they interact by adhering to each other).
  Filaments
  Nodes

• Motion of Dark Matter / Energy:

• Motion of Ordinary Matter:

• Apparent cosmic expansion: for all that I have just said about the evolution of the Cosmic Web, among the main dynamics that characterize the Cosmic Web I deliberately do not include cosmic expansion. As said, it is an (apparent) phenomenon linked not to an actual expansion of Space, but to an ever greater organization, structuring, complexification of Space-time. Linked, ultimately, to the increase of inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution of the Elementary Events of the Elementary Field, or, said in terms closer to Conventional Physics, increase of inhomogeneities in the rates of temporal flow, of the temporal geometry of the cosmos. It is emblematic that precisely what we observe and interpret as "expansion, movement of distancing", the most significant movement that we can observe in the Universe, is not a movement, Motion, but the effect of a differentiation of the flow of Time in different domains of the cosmos, and of the consequent different limit speed of propagation of Causality, Action, Information.

2. Dark Matter’s Role Dark matter, though invisible, provides the scaffolding for the Cosmic Web.

Its gravitational pull dictates the movement of normal matter (gas and galaxies).

Studies suggest dark matter filaments connect galaxies across vast distances.

3. Gas Dynamics and Shock Waves As matter collapses into filaments, shock waves heat intergalactic gas.

This influences star formation and the evolution of galaxies.

Observations show gas flows along filaments, fueling galaxy growth.

4. Large-Scale Galactic Motion Galaxies within the Cosmic Web exhibit coordinated motion over millions of light-years.

Some galaxies move in sync, defying basic cosmological predictions.

This suggests unknown forces or interactions shaping cosmic structures.

5. Feedback from Supernovae and Black Holes Supernova explosions and active galactic nuclei (AGN) inject energy into the web.

This turbulence affects matter distribution and galaxy formation.

Black holes at galaxy centers influence surrounding gas flows.

6. Expansion and Evolution Over Time The Cosmic Web evolves as the universe expands.

Filaments stretch, voids grow, and galaxies migrate along cosmic highways.

Studying these changes helps refine models of cosmic evolution.

Il campo di velocità peculiare conferma questa descrizione: le regioni di vuoto sono caratterizzate da un forte deflusso, con la velocità che punta chiaramente verso i muri che fungono da confini dei vuoti. Una volta nei muri, la materia defluisce verso i filamenti che li delimitano. Nei filamenti, il flusso punta verso i due ammassi massicci che fungono da punti terminali del filamento. Questa immagine del flusso di materia dai vuoti ai muri, dai muri ai filamenti e infine dai filamenti agli ammassi è in ottimo accordo sia con le previsioni della teoria del collasso anisotropo sia con i risultati quantitativi ottenuti dall'analisi del trasporto di massa

È importante notare che le fonti menzionano anche alcune deviazioni apparenti da questo flusso standard, come una piccola frazione di massa che sembra spostarsi da ambienti più densi a meno densi (es. da filamenti a muri o da muri a vuoti). Tuttavia, le fonti interpretano questi risultati non come una sfida alla teoria standard, ma piuttosto come un'indicazione delle difficoltà nell'identificare le strutture più tenui nelle regioni sottodense con i metodi attuali, il che può portare a una classificazione incompleta o errata degli ambienti in quelle regioni

And, to complete the picture, let's now turn to some considerations on the most relevant forms of interactions that characterize the Cosmic Web:

Gravitational interactions

• Gravitational attraction and repulsion:

• Invisible attractors: invisible attractors are not "attractors" because of the concentration of large Masses, or at least this is not the main reason for their great attractive power. It is even the gravitational attractive power that we must question, as it may not be the main factor of the particular dynamics of these peculiar regions and of the intense effects it produces on the dynamics of large regions and components of the Cosmic Web.
  I believe the most relevant factor lies precisely in the dynamics of the components of the Web. So that the particular dynamics are not (so much) caused by the gravitational attractive power of the "particular region", which we call invisible attractor, but the opposite is true: the Matter we observe is in Motion towards the particular region and therefore it seems to us attracted by something. I always like to use the simile of the sink. If we sprinkle flower petals into the water in a sink and then remove the plug, we will see the petals move toward the drain not because of an "attractive force" exerted by the drain, but because of the dragging effect exerted by the water flowing toward the drain. It is true that the action of gravity causes the water to flow into the drain. But the effect of gravity on the petals is substantially indirect, what prevails is the dragging effect. This is the case for visible Matter, the glittering galaxies that we imagine inexorably attracted toward an invisible point that we think is extremely massive, capable of exerting an immense gravitational attraction. In fact, the prevalent contribution to the movement of visible Matter toward the invisible attractor is given by the dragging effect exerted by the peculiar dynamics of dark turbulence, by the Matter and Dark Energy that make up the components of the Cosmic Web.
  We must imagine the same thing for the dynamics of Ordinary (visible) Matter that appears to us attracted toward a large Invisible Mass. As I have said several times, I believe that, in the dynamics of the movement of matter in the structure of the Cosmic Web, the effects of the rotations of the large empty bubbles and the related dragging effect on everything that is compressed in the interstitial regions (characterized by Dark Energy, therefore by positive Mass, in which the smaller and denser dark bubbles are immersed) are more important than the gravitational attraction and repulsion produced by the Matter and Energy of the same components of the Web.
  I do not believe it is a coincidence that the large attractor, as for other regions of this type that appear in the visualizations and simulations of the movements of matter in the Cosmic Web, lies in a node where the flows of the walls of the giant voids that compress it and several filaments that collect and convey a large number of galaxies and other unstructured matter converge.
  In short, what is relevant in my opinion are the flows in the dark turbulence that is maximum in the interstitial regions compressed between the large voids. It is here that, due to the drag, the motions that we observe as effects of sliding and gravitational attraction from regions that we imagine as massive, yet invisible, manifest themselves. And of course, if there is convergence, there must also be divergence. This is how we observe what are called dipole repellers. Areas from which dark turbulent flows "exit", so to speak, diverge in directions that lead to the areas of attraction, of convergence.

Mechanical interactions

• Compression and expansion:

• The role of friction and dynamical friction: as already expressed in this section, friction, especially between the large dark bubbles of the voids, between their external regions dominated by Dark Energy - friction only partly mitigated by the smaller bubbles located in the interstitial spaces, in the sheets / walls, filaments and nodes, which play the role of a sort of "lubricating cushion" so to speak - is one of the most relevant aspects of the dynamics of the Cosmic Web and is the origin of many cosmic phenomena. Among these, the formation of dark bubbles of smaller dimensions (Dark Halos of galaxies, clusters and superclusters), peculiar motions of materials (gas, galaxies, etc.) in the interstitial regions (sheets, filaments, and partly in the nodes), processes of formation of Ordinary Matter, and of its addressing towards the areas of gravitational concentration, etc. Dynamical friction is also fundamental in characterizing intra-component dynamics, especially the dynamics of galactic bubbles within the turbulent nodal areas hosting clusters and superclusters.

Chiral interactions

• Chiral attraction and repulsion

• Chiral evolution

Magnetic interactions

• Magnetic attraction and repulsion

Electromagnetic interactions

• Dispersion

• Ionization

• Heating

Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

• Metric (correlations of Perturbation of the point events of the Elementary Field)

• Mass (correlations of Perturbation of the point events that are supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field)

• Motion (correlations of Translation of point events that are supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field)

• Potential Motion – Gravitational Potential Energy (combination of Metric and Mass - correlations of Translation of the Elementary Field produced by the correlation of Perturbation that represent Mass of one or more InfoStructures in the Field)

• Effective Motion – Velocity (includes the rotational motion of the entire galaxy - in both the dark and ordinary components - don't includes the collective translational motions of the entire galaxy and the translational motions of the substances, bodies, objects and structures that compose it)

• Effective Motion – Kinetic Energy (includes the rotational motion of the entire galaxy - in both the dark and ordinary components - don't includes the collective translational motions of the entire galaxy and the translational motions of the substances, bodies, objects and structures that compose it)

• Charge (correlations of Rotation:Chirality of point events that are supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field)

• Spin (correlations of Rotation:AxisOrientation of point events that are supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field)

Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper

• Go to the contents list of the paper "The Fundamental Nature of Reality"

• Go to Chapter 2 "A first look"