Difference between revisions of "TFNR - The Structures of Information"

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The Physical InfoStructures can be classified in mani different ways, according to their main aspects, their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produce, etc.
 
The Physical InfoStructures can be classified in mani different ways, according to their main aspects, their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produce, etc.
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Physical InfoStructures can be classified in many different ways, according to their main aspects: their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, or the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produces.
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According to '''their nature and structure''', the Physical InfoStructures can be classified in two fundamental / pure types and a mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:
 
According to '''their nature and structure''', the Physical InfoStructures can be classified in two fundamental / pure types and a mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:
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According to '''their nature and structure''', Physical InfoStructures can be grouped into two fundamental (pure) types and one mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:
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*'''Waves''': they represent the dynamic structures able of carrying Information or, in terms of mainstream physics, vectors of (derived) forces. Here we find the gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), and their particle counterpart / representation, the photon,
 
*'''Waves''': they represent the dynamic structures able of carrying Information or, in terms of mainstream physics, vectors of (derived) forces. Here we find the gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), and their particle counterpart / representation, the photon,
 
*'''Vortices''' (massive particles): they represent the conservative structures, from whose fundamental nature the mass phenomenon derives. Structured information which, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires an (apparently) permanent form. Dark matter halos, the invisible structure of the cosmos, which make up the complex cosmic web, the dark side of the Universe. Elementary particles, including leptons and quarks, in the visible sector of Matter,
 
*'''Vortices''' (massive particles): they represent the conservative structures, from whose fundamental nature the mass phenomenon derives. Structured information which, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires an (apparently) permanent form. Dark matter halos, the invisible structure of the cosmos, which make up the complex cosmic web, the dark side of the Universe. Elementary particles, including leptons and quarks, in the visible sector of Matter,
 
*'''Interactions''': from the interaction of these pure type of Structures composite particles arise, which form most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles).
 
*'''Interactions''': from the interaction of these pure type of Structures composite particles arise, which form most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles).
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*'''Waves''': dynamic, non‑conservative InfoStructures that manifest as propagating configurations of organized Action. In mainstream physics they correspond to the carriers of (derived) forces. In this family we find gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), together with their particle‑like representation, the photon.
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*'''Vortices''' (massive particles): conservative InfoStructures whose particular configuration of organized Action gives rise to the phenomenon of mass. Structured Information that, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires a relatively stable and persistent form. Dark matter halos — the invisible vortical structures that compose the cosmic web — belong to this family, as do elementary particles (leptons and quarks) in the visible sector of Matter.
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*'''Interactions''': composite InfoStructures produced by the interaction of the pure types. They include most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons such as protons and neutrons, mesons, and the weak and strong nuclear bosons such as gluons and W / Z particles).
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According to '''the kind of Radiation or Matter their organization produce''', we can classify them in:
 
According to '''the kind of Radiation or Matter their organization produce''', we can classify them in:
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According to '''the kind of Radiation or Matter their organization produces''', we can classify them into:
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*'''Invisible structures''', the constituents of the Invisible / Dark Matter
 
*'''Invisible structures''', the constituents of the Invisible / Dark Matter
 
**Gravitational Waves  
 
**Gravitational Waves  
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**Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks)
 
**Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks)
 
**Interactions (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles, particles from whose interaction the atoms are formed and other particles that are created in high-energy phenomena / collisions)
 
**Interactions (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles, particles from whose interaction the atoms are formed and other particles that are created in high-energy phenomena / collisions)
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*'''Invisible structures''', constituents of Invisible / Dark Matter:
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** Gravitational Waves 
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** Dark halos (diffuse, low‑density structures that create the texture of the cosmos: galactic bubbles and the even larger ones that host immense clusters and other cosmic structures) 
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** Interactions (dark turbulence and the various sub‑structures of the cosmic web)
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*'''Visible structures''', constituents of Visible / Ordinary Matter:
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** Electromagnetic Waves: one‑cycle waves / massless particles (photon) 
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** Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks) 
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** Interactions (hadrons: baryons such as protons and neutrons, mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles — particles whose interactions form atoms and other particles created in high‑energy phenomena / collisions)
  
 
=== Properties ===
 
=== Properties ===

Revision as of 16:57, 21 September 2026

Everywhere we look, observe, measure, everything we are, everything we imagine... Everything has structure, everything is structure, structures, objects, things, Forms or parts of larger and more complex Forms, Systems, the Universe. Structures that make up structures, systems of structures and parts in dynamic relation, everything is structured Information in incessant interaction.

Information, In-Form-Action...

Structures of Information make up the entire evolving Universe, from our body to the entire Physical Universe... And not only that. Even in the cognitive domain of Reality, everything is structure: Structures of Cognitive Information (perceptions, sensations, emotions, memories, thoughts, models, etc.) incessantly interact to form the flow of consciousness, internal states and dynamics, representations of ourselves and the world in which we live.

Information and Structures everywhere!

As seen, in the causal chain that, from the Source, from its active side, the Force, leads to the Form, to the Forms, to the Universe, to Reality as a whole in progress, after the Action we have found Information. The Form of Action, precisely.

Information tends to form Structures, to become "structured Information", as Relations between Events form Processes, patterns of organization. Structures that in turn constitute the bricks that make up the Forms.

In this knowledge system, in a general sense and with reference to the most basic level of Reality, the term "Structure of Information" means pattern of organization of Action in the Field (Information, In-form-action).

Structures represent the shapes, the forms of what incessantly happens, Processes of Events organized by Relations, correlations of the distributions of the elementary fluctuations in / of the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force, the product of the inner interaction between the active and the passive aspects of the Primary Source, the Source of Reality. In this sense, Structures are not "containers" of something else: they are forms of organized Action, and therefore forms of structured Information/Energy.

But we can give many other definitions (complementary or equivalent) with respect to the way we look at them, to the aspect, property, behavior we are focusing on.

And then, after the definitions, we will outline the most significant aspects, classification and origin, properties and dynamics of the Structures of Information, aspects that we will deal with in more detail in this tenth chapter.

Important! For the sake of brevity and simplicity, in the following instead of the extended term "Structure of Information" we will often use the term "InfoStructure", or sometimes even just "Structure", or "IS".

What is structure, and what are Structures?

Where does all this structure come from? Where do Structures originate? And what does structure represent in Reality and of Reality? And likewise for Structures?

Structure is one of the fundamental aspects of Reality, both in the physical and in the cognitive domain. The other aspect, which we examined in previous chapters — especially in the one dedicated to Action — is dynamism: the incessant variation of form, deformation, what we call an Event. Structure consists of more or less mutable Relations among Events that give form to dynamism. And "structure" is precisely the "form" of "dynamism". It represents the evolving Essence / Form of dynamism, while dynamism itself represents Existence in its unfolding.

Just as Information is the form of Action, so "structure" is the form of "dynamism". Structure is the configuration that Action assumes when we observe it as a state. And therefore, what has been said for Information / Energy and for informational / energetic states also applies to "structure": to observe a form, to capture a state, to measure the energy of a system, we must stop Time — we must take a snapshot of a process in incessant evolution.

Between "flow" quantities (Action) and "state" quantities (Information / Energy), complementary quantities, a deep connection emerges. It recalls the uncertainty principle and the complementarity of physical observables: it highlights the intrinsic limits of nature in the simultaneous determination of certain properties of a system. If a structure is the instantaneous configuration of an ever‑changing dynamism, how could we capture its form with infinite precision if that form is itself continuously transforming?

To grasp the form, we must freeze Time; but if we freeze Time, we no longer see the flow. The two aspects — dynamism and structure — are inseparable, yet mutually exclusive in observation. The more fundamental the level of Reality we explore, the sharper this tension becomes. As we descend toward the infinitesimal dimensional scales of Physical Reality, toward the particle domain and beyond, transformation becomes extremely rapid, dynamism becomes fundamental and incessant, and capturing the form becomes an impossible mission.

In this context, where dynamism becomes ever faster and more incessant, "form" — and therefore "structure" — becomes progressively less precise, less identifiable, less sharply definable. Form and structure acquire increasingly statistical connotations: average values, average shapes, average structures. Determinism gives way to the probabilistic character of uncertainty and indetermination.

Turbulence, Potentials, InfoStructures

Within the general framework of this knowledge system, InfoStructures represent the most organized and individuated level of Action in the Field. They emerge from a deeper physical genealogy composed of progressively more organized conditions of Action. At the most elementary level lies Turbulence, the minimal and non‑coherent form of Action. Above it, we find the Potentials, extended but non‑self‑sustaining configurations of the Field. InfoStructures constitute the third level: highly organized, coherent and self‑sustaining forms of Action, endowed with their own Properties, Behaviors and causal capacities.

In this chapter we focus exclusively on InfoStructures — their physical forms (Waves, Vortices, Interactions), their Properties and their dynamics. Turbulence and Potentials are not treated here systematically, as they belong to the more elementary levels of Action and have been analyzed in previous chapters. Nevertheless, it is useful to recall that every InfoStructure originates from evolutionary processes involving these simpler levels: Turbulence spontaneously emerges from the elementary dynamism, Potentials provide the first extended organization of the Field, and InfoStructures represent the structured and individuated form of Action that constitutes the basis of Matter and Radiation, both ordinary / visible and dark / invisible.

In turn, Turbulence and Potentials are also influenced by the nature and dynamics of the InfoStructures themselves. The presence, Motion and interactions of InfoStructures continuously reshape the surrounding Field, modifying local turbulence and generating or transforming Potentials. In this way, the genealogy of Action is not a one‑directional hierarchy but an incessant co‑evolution: the elementary levels give rise to InfoStructures, and InfoStructures continuously reorganize the elementary levels from which they emerged.

Various definitions of Structures of Information

Observing the InfoStructures from the different perspectives of the profound nature of Reality, we can formulate different definitions, all complementary and equivalent, each capable of providing a peculiar image that helps us build a more complete and detailed vision.

Strictly speaking, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, by Structures we mean those small entities, so to say, that represent the discrete, quantized aspect of Reality: waves, particles, and their more or less complex interactions. These are not "objects" in the conventional sense, but elementary forms of organized Action that make up ordinary / visible Matter (radiation, particles, atoms, etc.). In the representation of what exists within this system of knowledge, these InfoStructures represent only a minimal fraction (5%?) of the existing Matter and Energy (Information). To this we must add all the Matter and Energy of the dark / invisible sector of Physical Reality, which we will discuss later.

Speaking of terms and definitions, for Matter and Energy whose existence is supposed but whose nature and form are not known, rather than using the adjective "dark", it is more appropriate to use the term "invisible", because this is what it refers to: the impossibility of observing these entities as they do not seem to emit electromagnetic radiation (light, radio waves, x or gamma rays, etc.). Symmetrically, we should use the term "visible" for Matter and Energy that we can observe by collecting electromagnetic radiation, and which we call "ordinary" or "bright". In the text, given common usage, we will continue to use both "dark and invisible" and "ordinary and visible" or "bright".

Similarly, we will talk about the dark / invisible sector or side to collectively refer to the invisible InfoStructures hypothesized to populate the Universe, and the ordinary / visible / bright sector or side for the Structures that we can observe through gravitational and electromagnetic radiation.

Extending our hypotheses a little, we could say that the invisible sector is composed of massive Structures with low density and wide spatial distribution (halos of dark matter / dark energy and gravitational waves, the complex dark structure of the cosmic web), expressions of the Component of Elementary Action called Perturbation, root of Space-time and Mass, source of metric and gravitational phenomena and dominated by gravity (and therefore observable through gravitational effects, e.g. gravitational dynamics of celestial bodies, strong and weak lensing, etc).

On the other hand, the visible sector is composed of massive Structures with high density and narrow spatial distribution (Particles of ordinary, or even "exotic" but still visible / detectable Matter, ordinary Energy and electromagnetic waves, the Matter and Radiation that make up the "non-dark" part of the Universe), expressions, as well as of the Perturbation Mode, primarily of the Component of Elementary Action called Rotation, in its two sub-modes Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation, root of Charge and Spin, source of electrical and magnetic phenomena and dominated by electromagnetism, and a fundamental contributor to the dynamism and the form that characterize vortex‑like Structures.

Let's try to put things in order:

  • from the perspective of what exists in terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes, InfoStructures can be defined as Processes, dynamic networks of Relations between Events, produced by Entities / Sources (Force / Field couples), which show correlation in the basic dynamism of the Field. They are networks of organized Events that show consistent collective expressions / behaviors and common properties emerging from the more elementary levels of Reality, from the dynamism of Elementary Action. At the level of the Elementary Field, InfoStructures represent networks of Elementary Events that show some level of correlation (organized by Relations) and manifest a collective behavior from which a condition of individuation emerges such that the Structures themselves can be configured as independent entities.
  • from the perspective of Sources (Forces and Fields couples), Action, Information, Form, Structures can be seen as (Derived) Entities, causal and variational centers of Action, produced by the incessant Action of the Force on the Field. A Structure represents an organized portion of the Elementary Field, which can then be seen as a (Derived) Field (for example, the electric field manifested by a charged particle), which becomes source of a (Derived) Force (for example, the electric force manifested by that same charged particle acting on another charged particle through the Field). The InfoStructures in turn become (Derived) Sources of Causality and Variationality, centers of derived Action, which constitute the derived aspect of the fundamental sub-Entities (Force and Field) in which the Source of Reality manifests itself. Formed by Elementary Action and being centers of Derived Action, the Structures manifest form, properties, behaviors and dynamics that depend on their particular constitutive profiles of the Modes / Components of Elementary Action (Perturbation, Translation and Rotation, in the two sub-modes Rotation-Chirality and Rotation-AxisOrientation). These Derived Entities populate both the dark / invisible and ordinary / visible sides of the Universe.
  • from the perspective of the relation between the continuous and the discrete, Structures represent the discrete (quantized) aspect of Reality emerging from a continuous Field. Although composed of correlations among an enormous number of Events in Space-time domains, nets of dynamical micro-states in a continuous Field, Structures can be considered as units, organizations or systems, "individualities" that show emergent properties and behaviors. The key element for this emerging unity / individuality of each Structure of Information is the level of correlation between the Elementary Events that support its existence. When the intensity of the correlations between the Elementary Events of a dynamic set is greater than the intensity of the correlations between such Events and all the other Events that animate the Field outside the set, the correlations between the distributions of elementary fluctuations of / in the Field, or equivalently the Relations between the Elementary Events of the dynamic whole, constitute a Structure of Information. The border between the continuous and the discrete is often blurred, only sometimes clearer. Everything we perceive or imagine as distinct, separate, confined, is in fact not so if we observe its boundary at the smallest dimensional scales. Already at the molecular level, even more so at the atomic and subatomic level. In the ordinary conception, we imagine electrons as elementary, "simple", unitary, point-like particles, of which, net of quantum indeterminacy and their peculiar dynamics, it is possible to determine their position with infinite precision, while at the same time renouncing similar precision infinite for the measurement of the speed of movement in Space-time (position and velocity, or better "momentum", are conjugate quantum quantities). In this model of Reality, an electron, as a Structure of Information of the "Vortex" type / "Particle" sub-type, is hypothesized to be a portion of the Elementary Field organized with a particular configuration of correlations between the distributions of elementary fluctuations of the Field, a configuration with the shape of a three-dimensional "Vortex" whose blurred boundaries reflect the indeterminacy of the correlations. What matters here are not the Events themselves, which can enter and exit the set, but the Relations that bind them, the correlations between the pre-temporal distributions of the pre-spatial fluctuations of the Field which constitute the Elementary Events. These Relations represent Information, or, in its most basic sense, Energy: the form of Action when observed as state.
  • from the perspective of the role they play in the construction of Reality, InfoStructures are the (Derived) Entities that compose the physical world: force carriers, Radiation, Dark Matter, Particles of Ordinary / Visible / Bright Matter, and all the connected (derived) fields and forces, as their expressions. As Entities, Waves, Vortices (massive particles) and Interactions, the elementary and composite structures of Matter and Radiation, can be defined as Agents; specifically, Quantum Agents, as their interactions mainly follow the principles of Quantum Dynamics and the formulation of Quantum Field Theory. InfoStructures represent the causal sources of the quantization of Matter and Energy in the continuous Elementary Field. Structures are the building blocks of Material Forms, the objects of Physical Reality. As nets of Physical InfoStructures in incessant interaction (like Waves and Particles), Material Forms evolve into more and more complex objects (atoms, molecules, bodies, etc.), showing emergent features and properties, behaving according to the dynamics proper to that peculiar kind of Structure / Form. Transcending the level of the Structures, new Properties and Behaviors emerge with the evolution of Material Forms. And vice versa, the new Properties and Behaviors of the Forms make the Structures evolve, modifying their Behavior and Properties, in an incessant co-evolution that gives form to the Universe (Process of Formation of Reality).

Importance

As said above, everything we observe, everything we measure, everything we are, everything we imagine... Everything has / is structure, or better, dynamism that can be observed as structure. We and everything around us are made of Structures, objects, Forms or parts of Forms, systems of Forms. Structures that compose Structures, systems of Structures in dynamic relation: everything is "structured Information", incessantly interacting.

All levels of Reality are equally important for understanding existence, but the level of InfoStructures, together with that of Forms, is the one most directly before us. It is therefore natural that it appears the most attractive and accessible to study. The products of their incessant cosmic dance affect our senses, inducing perceptions that become sensations, emotions, thoughts, models, systems of knowledge. A cognitive complexity that reflects the complexity of the Structures and Forms that compose Physical Reality. It is no coincidence that "traditional" science — mainstream research (physics, chemistry, astrophysics, cosmology, ...) — deals above all with InfoStructures and Forms and their dynamics, even if these classes are named differently (particles, waves, interactions, objects, stars, galaxies, etc.).

Because of this proximity, the space occupied by this field of research in modern physics and the amount of theoretical and experimental activity devoted to it are enormous. The intellectual and experimental effort is impressive, with huge investments concentrated on the development of increasingly powerful colliders, in search of new particles and increasingly accurate measurements of their properties. Particles, particles, particles... InfoStructures. Studying them is essential, but to understand their nature, origin, internal dynamics and mutual interactions, and their role in the construction of Physical Reality, it is not enough to observe collisions at ever higher energies. Since the physical world is not composed only of InfoStructures (visible and invisible), to go deeper and attempt to understand the Fundamental Nature of Reality, it is not enough to study particles, waves and their interactions; it is necessary to observe Nature with new eyes and an open mind. Particle models, useful for classifying particles and their interactions, if they saturate the theoretical and experimental landscape, risk becoming an obstacle to understanding Reality at a deeper level, and to constructing a unified vision of Reality, of Nature, of the Universe.

It is therefore crucial to grasp the true nature of InfoStructures, to build a correct representation — a more accurate, plausible and realistic vision. In my opinion, much of the weirdness and incomprehensibility of Quantum Mechanics derives precisely from an erroneous representation of quantum objects (waves and particles) and their interactions. These erroneous concepts have led to contradictions with the principles of Reality, such as non-locality, and to imagining an absurd world where Space and Time lose their fundamental characteristics which, together with Causality, define the Reality of which we are part. They have even led to a redefinition of the very concepts of Reality and realism, when it would have been sufficient to abandon classical and relativistic determinism in favor of indeterminacy and probabilities. Faced with this theoretical impasse, the response was "Shut up and calculate!", or interpretations that, to me, made little sense (many worlds, pilot waves, deterministic hidden-variable models, etc.). The erroneous conception of the nature and form of quantum objects has led to counterintuitive deductions that have influenced the entire landscape of fundamental physics, scientific research, philosophy, culture, and even the everyday vision of Reality.

Origin

Where do InfoStructures come from? What is their origin? How do they take form?

The simple and concise answer is that they arise from the organization of the dynamism of the Elementary Field, the dynamism of Elementary Action governed by the three Fundamental Principles (Uncertainty, Action and Reaction, and Least Action). By origin or origination we therefore mean Formation: construction through creative and evolutionary Processes that, starting from the sub-elementary fluctuations of the Field, first give rise to invisible / Dark structures (Dark Halos / Bubbles / web, and gravitational waves) and then, through their dynamics, to visible / Ordinary Structures (massive Particles and electromagnetic waves). This formation occurs essentially through two aspects of evolutionary Processes.

The first, self‑organization, is a fundamental aspect of the evolutionary dynamics of Reality. Structures emerge from the Field, co‑evolving in an incessant interaction with the dynamism of the Field itself.

The second, interaction, is the aspect through which many Structures are produced by the dynamics of already existing Structures.

InfoStructures (Invisible and Visible, or Dark and Ordinary) originate from a specific part of the Process of Formation of Reality, through which Information becomes organized into Structures.

This process took an infinite Time, in the sense that there was no real beginning. The spontaneous organization of correlations (Relations) between the pre‑temporal distributions of the pre‑spatial fluctuations (of distances, areas, volumes) at the Planck scale (Elementary Events) — a process I call Evolution — gradually produced increasing turbulence in the Elementary Field, forming more organized regions, which we can call Potentials, in analogy with the Potential associated with the existence of vortex‑like InfoStructures, and eventually ever larger "vortex bubbles" that came to fill and saturate all available Space (infinite and unlimited Space).

In this infinite Field filled with turbulence, and especially in the "friction zones" between large cosmic bubbles, smaller bubbles formed and underwent progressive concentration. Turbulence and friction at smaller spatial scales produced increasingly intense interactions, forming ever smaller and eventually infinitesimal vortices.

An extremely rarefied process of formation of elementary Particles took place: the first elementary Particles, micro‑vortices accelerated by gravitational and magnetic (derived) fields, collisions that gradually produced composite Particles of visible / ordinary Matter, more complex ones such as nucleons, then the first atoms and the first gaseous molecules. These, in increasingly dense clouds under the effect of gravity, formed the first stars, explosions, heavier elements, and so on — an evolution that produced the complex current Universe, the result of the co‑evolution of the dark structure (the foamy and turbulent organization of Space, the dark cosmic web) and the visible one (Matter and electromagnetic Radiation that constitute the visible / ordinary part of cosmic structures).

Formation: an immense Force in Action on an infinite Field, Space and Time without limits, Information / Energy gradually becoming Matter — Dark and Ordinary, invisible and visible InfoStructures — co‑evolving toward the current Universe.

Nature incessantly builds itself, gives itself structure, creates and evolves Structures, and from these, the Forms — the objects we observe and measure, directly and indirectly.

Classification

The Physical InfoStructures can be classified in mani different ways, according to their main aspects, their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produce, etc.

Physical InfoStructures can be classified in many different ways, according to their main aspects: their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, or the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produces.


According to their nature and structure, the Physical InfoStructures can be classified in two fundamental / pure types and a mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:

According to their nature and structure, Physical InfoStructures can be grouped into two fundamental (pure) types and one mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:


  • Waves: they represent the dynamic structures able of carrying Information or, in terms of mainstream physics, vectors of (derived) forces. Here we find the gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), and their particle counterpart / representation, the photon,
  • Vortices (massive particles): they represent the conservative structures, from whose fundamental nature the mass phenomenon derives. Structured information which, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires an (apparently) permanent form. Dark matter halos, the invisible structure of the cosmos, which make up the complex cosmic web, the dark side of the Universe. Elementary particles, including leptons and quarks, in the visible sector of Matter,
  • Interactions: from the interaction of these pure type of Structures composite particles arise, which form most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles).
  • Waves: dynamic, non‑conservative InfoStructures that manifest as propagating configurations of organized Action. In mainstream physics they correspond to the carriers of (derived) forces. In this family we find gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), together with their particle‑like representation, the photon.
  • Vortices (massive particles): conservative InfoStructures whose particular configuration of organized Action gives rise to the phenomenon of mass. Structured Information that, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires a relatively stable and persistent form. Dark matter halos — the invisible vortical structures that compose the cosmic web — belong to this family, as do elementary particles (leptons and quarks) in the visible sector of Matter.
  • Interactions: composite InfoStructures produced by the interaction of the pure types. They include most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons such as protons and neutrons, mesons, and the weak and strong nuclear bosons such as gluons and W / Z particles).


According to the kind of Radiation or Matter their organization produce, we can classify them in:

According to the kind of Radiation or Matter their organization produces, we can classify them into:

  • Invisible structures, the constituents of the Invisible / Dark Matter
    • Gravitational Waves
    • Dark halos (the diffuse low-density structures that create the texture of the cosmos, the galactic bubbles, and the even larger ones that house immense clusters and the other large cosmic structures)
    • Interactions (the dark turbulence and the various (sub-) structures of the cosmic web)
  • Visible structures, the constituents of the Visible / Ordinary Matter
    • Electromagnetic Waves: one cycle waves / massless particles (photon)
    • Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks)
    • Interactions (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles, particles from whose interaction the atoms are formed and other particles that are created in high-energy phenomena / collisions)


  • Invisible structures, constituents of Invisible / Dark Matter:
    • Gravitational Waves
    • Dark halos (diffuse, low‑density structures that create the texture of the cosmos: galactic bubbles and the even larger ones that host immense clusters and other cosmic structures)
    • Interactions (dark turbulence and the various sub‑structures of the cosmic web)
  • Visible structures, constituents of Visible / Ordinary Matter:
    • Electromagnetic Waves: one‑cycle waves / massless particles (photon)
    • Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks)
    • Interactions (hadrons: baryons such as protons and neutrons, mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles — particles whose interactions form atoms and other particles created in high‑energy phenomena / collisions)

Properties

The properties of Physical Structures of Information essentially are characteristics (intensive or extensive) that can be observed / measured without changing the identity of the Structure (without transmuting the nature of the Structure of Information; said in terms of this model: without changing the Information, the Form of the Structure, crucially, such to modify the type of structure, e.g. measuring a property of an electron without transforming it into another particle, such as a quark). In other words, any information on the state and behavior of a Structure, or a kind of Structure.

In general, we can say that all the Physical InfoStructures have causal, spatial and temporal extension. Other properties are related to the shape of the structure (the form in space), to its dynamics (the form in time) and to the ways in which it can interact with other structures. Many other properties derive from the way in which the single structure is aggregated with other forms.

Among the fundamental properties, there are those that relate to the most fundamental aspects of Physical Reality, we can find the Causal extension (Complexity), the Spatial extension and the Temporal extension.

Among the derived properties, the main ones are linked to the physical quantities that directly derive from the Modes/Components of the Elementary Action: the Mass, the Motion, the Charge and the Spin

From these properties come all other derived properties that describe the Form and Behavior, and which determine the Dynamics of the Structures. For example, the other quantum numbers / properties and the other physical properties: thermodynamic, electric and magnetic, mechanical, optical, chemical, etc. properties.

Dynamics

In the Process of Formation of Reality, the Dynamics of the InfoStructures is that part of Evolutionary Dynamics that specifically describe the level of InfoStructures. It analyzes all the processes of the two main classes of structures, the Structures of Propagation (Waves) and the Structures of Conservation (Vortices), and the Interactions of the two that produce the (Mixed) Structures that compose the Material Forms, the states of matter, the objects of Physical Reality.

The interaction between InfoStructures is the bridge toward Material Forms. More than the properties of the single structures, is the "collective behavior", the emerging properties of the dynamics of nets of Structures, at the same time belonging to the same class and to different classes, what determines the properties of Material Forms. Here we can thing to the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma and various types of condensates) to the different chemical elements that forms more and more complex molecules with increasingly amazing properties and behaviors.

Looking at Reality at the most complex levels, all the Material Forms, like chemical, geological, organic, biological, cosmic structures, and the most complex forms made by the cognitive action of the Living Beings, show a vast and mutating net of properties emerging and incessantly evolving from the properties and the dynamics of the underling levels of the Structures that compose them. The properties and the dynamics of the elementary levels of Reality determine, entails, the emergence of the properties and the dynamics of the objects that populate the more complex levels, but in turn this evolution toward complexity enables the emergence of new and more complex properties and behaviors of the objects of the more elementary levels, incessantly opening new possibilities of further evolution toward new levels of organization of Reality. It is an iterative and nested process of co-evolution of elementary and complex levels, of what exists and what can exist, the actual and the possible, which interests all the aspect of the Existence and the Essence / Form of Reality.

Observation

What is different observing Structures from absolute or relative perspectives, from the point of view of the Field (the absolute perspective) or from the point of view of the Structures themselves (the relative perspective)?

In a further section, we will describe, the same Structures viewed from the two perspectives. In particular, a Vortex-like Structure uniformly moving in the Field (a simple case), observed by:

  • the absolute perspective of:
    • a point event of the Field, a point in Space
    • a portion of the Field, a set of points events, a Space domain,
  • the relative perspective of:
    • the same observed InfoStructure, moving in the Field.

From the point of view of the Field (the absolute perspective), we can see a Structure as a pattern of organization of the tempotal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuation of the Field itself, a scheme of correlation of the micro-states that describe the dynamics of the point events of the Field, a space time domain that shows the same Information, organized Action with a form. In the unstructured Elementary Field, the absolute, for definition, no reference points can be found. Reference points (relative, by definition) can only be represented by some form of structure, Structures or by Forms as sets, networks of Structures. So, from the point of view of the Field, we will always see a Structure as a scheme of organization forming, propagating, conserving, transforming or disappear, a pattern in the organization of the point distributions of the elementary fluctuations of Space time itself. And more, observing a Structure from the absolute perspective, not as a point event, but as a portion of the Field, with a non-null Space and Time extension, will give us a close vision of the dynamics of the Elementary Field that underlines the dynamics of the particles and the waves and their multiform interactions.

Observing a Structure from the relative perspective, from the point of view of the structure resting or moving in the Field, we will see a variation of the parameters of the same structure, or a changing in the same Information that forms the Structure, caused by the continuous interaction between the Action in the Field, with any Information that gives it a structure, and the Information of the considered Structure. For "any Information" we always intend some part of one or more Structures that include in their space time extension the considered portion of the Field.

At the end, we can say that the continuous interaction between Action (Perturbation, Translation and Rotation) of the Field and Information (the pattern of organization of the correlations between P-T-R) of the Structure determines Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin and the dynamics of the Structure itself and, at the same time, modifies the Physical Quantities of the Field and, at the same time, the shape in Space, the permanence in Time and the Physical Quantities of the Structure.


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