Difference between revisions of "TFNR - Quantum Information"
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=== Quantum Superposition === | === Quantum Superposition === | ||
| − | + | One of the most bizarre ideas of quantum mechanics is '''the claim that microscopic objects "behave like waves", or that to predict their behavior we must treat them as waves'''. The wave function — governed by the Schrödinger equation, which describes the time evolution of quantum states — is typically represented as a superposition of simpler wave functions. From this mathematical approach it seems to follow that a quantum object can be "in multiple states at the same time" until an interaction event produces decoherence. | |
| − | I have always thought that '''the term | + | I have always thought that '''the term wave function is misleading'''. It adds confusion to an already complex phenomenological domain. The reference to "waves" in "wave mechanics" is equally inappropriate: Waves and Particles, although sharing a deep nature, belong to different ontological and phenomenal classes. In my view, this terminological choice has become an obstacle to the evolution of our understanding of the quantum world. |
| − | + | In this model, the phenomenon of quantum superposition is explained through a specific hypothesis on the nature and dynamics of microscopic objects — Waves, Vortices, Interactions, Mixed Structures — conceived as Structures of Information. The hypothesis proposes a detailed and concrete vision of their Form: these Structures share the same fundamental principles, although they possess different specific forms. From this premise it follows that microscopic objects tend to exhibit behaviors that conventional physics associates almost exclusively with Wave‑type entities. | |
| − | + | This hypothesis consists in '''thinking that Vortices (Particles) and Waves — corpuscular and undulatory objects''': | |
| + | *'''have spatial extension''', therefore they are not point‑like; they possess internal and external structure even though elementary Waves and Vortices (e.g., the electron) are not composed of parts or sub‑structures | ||
| + | *'''exhibit complex and multifaceted dynamics''', allowing different portions of the Structure to evolve differently in space and time | ||
| − | + | We may therefore imagine an elementary Vortex/Particle as a '''complex object''' — not composed of parts, but not monolithic. Different portions of the Structure, incessantly evolving due to internal dynamics and external interactions, can exhibit different quantum states (for example, different Spin orientations). | |
| − | + | ||
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| − | + | '''How can we represent the Quantum Information of such an object?''' Since we cannot map the evolution of each event‑point that supports the Structure, we must use a '''composition index''' that indicates '''how much of the Structure exhibits state A and how much exhibits state B at a given instant'''. Each event‑point has its own quantum state, influenced by the spontaneous turbulence of the Field, by internal oscillations, and by external interactions. | |
| − | + | ||
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| − | + | '''The Form of an InfoStructure is therefore in constant mutation'''. The properties and behaviors of an elementary Particle such as an electron arise from the combination of an immense number of correlated event‑point dynamics. '''The measure and the form of this correlation represent the Information''' — and therefore the Energy — of the Structure. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | '''The Form of an InfoStructure is therefore in constant mutation'''. The properties and behaviors of an elementary Particle such as an electron arise from the combination of an immense number of correlated event‑point dynamics. '''The measure and the form of this correlation represent the Information''' | + | |
'''I call this feature "polydynamism"'''. Although elementary, these Structures show: | '''I call this feature "polydynamism"'''. Although elementary, these Structures show: | ||
| − | * continuous spatial variation of | + | * continuous spatial variation of internal dynamics |
* continuous temporal evolution | * continuous temporal evolution | ||
* portions with different dynamic/structural modalities (e.g., different Spin directions) | * portions with different dynamic/structural modalities (e.g., different Spin directions) | ||
| − | Polydynamism and polydynamicity '''manifest in both Ordinary Matter and Dark Matter'''. In the first case we may speak of '''Quantum Polydynamism'''; in the second, of '''Dark Polydynamism'''. The phenomenon is the same; what differs are the features of the dynamics and the Structures produced. While at the quantum level we | + | Polydynamism and polydynamicity '''manifest in both Ordinary Matter and Dark Matter'''. In the first case we may speak of '''Quantum Polydynamism'''; in the second, of '''Dark Polydynamism'''. The phenomenon is the same; what differs are the features of the dynamics and the Structures produced. While at the quantum level we observe superposition, entanglement, and so on, at the dark or cosmic level we observe a multiplicity of dynamics in the interactions between turbulence and halos, galactic bubbles, filaments, voids, walls, and so forth — with effects that may even appear unusual on the Ordinary Matter components of the Cosmic Web. |
In summary, '''the key aspects to understanding the weirdness of quantum states''' are: | In summary, '''the key aspects to understanding the weirdness of quantum states''' are: | ||
Latest revision as of 00:18, 13 August 2026
Quantum Information is defined as "information about the state of a quantum system". Developed from quantum mechanics, communication theory, atomic physics, relativity, computer science, mathematics, and cryptography, and information theory), it is the subject of study of "quantum information theory". It is information from matter on a microscopic scale.
As stated by the uncertainty principle, non-commutative quantum observables cannot be measured simultaneously with infinite precision. A quantum state can never provide definitive information about such observables. Quantum states, and the results of their measurements, must be expressed in probabilistic, non‑deterministic terms. Quantum Information Science studies how Information is extracted from the quantum properties of microscopic objects.
Without entering this vast domain, we highlight a few aspects that emerge from the peculiar vision proposed in this evolutionary model. These themes will return in the next chapter, in relation to the nature and dynamics of the Structures of Information — Vortices/Particles, Waves, and Interactions — that constitute Ordinary (visible) Matter and the two forms of Radiation (Gravitational Waves and Electromagnetic Waves).
Quantum Superposition
One of the most bizarre ideas of quantum mechanics is the claim that microscopic objects "behave like waves", or that to predict their behavior we must treat them as waves. The wave function — governed by the Schrödinger equation, which describes the time evolution of quantum states — is typically represented as a superposition of simpler wave functions. From this mathematical approach it seems to follow that a quantum object can be "in multiple states at the same time" until an interaction event produces decoherence.
I have always thought that the term wave function is misleading. It adds confusion to an already complex phenomenological domain. The reference to "waves" in "wave mechanics" is equally inappropriate: Waves and Particles, although sharing a deep nature, belong to different ontological and phenomenal classes. In my view, this terminological choice has become an obstacle to the evolution of our understanding of the quantum world.
In this model, the phenomenon of quantum superposition is explained through a specific hypothesis on the nature and dynamics of microscopic objects — Waves, Vortices, Interactions, Mixed Structures — conceived as Structures of Information. The hypothesis proposes a detailed and concrete vision of their Form: these Structures share the same fundamental principles, although they possess different specific forms. From this premise it follows that microscopic objects tend to exhibit behaviors that conventional physics associates almost exclusively with Wave‑type entities.
This hypothesis consists in thinking that Vortices (Particles) and Waves — corpuscular and undulatory objects:
- have spatial extension, therefore they are not point‑like; they possess internal and external structure even though elementary Waves and Vortices (e.g., the electron) are not composed of parts or sub‑structures
- exhibit complex and multifaceted dynamics, allowing different portions of the Structure to evolve differently in space and time
We may therefore imagine an elementary Vortex/Particle as a complex object — not composed of parts, but not monolithic. Different portions of the Structure, incessantly evolving due to internal dynamics and external interactions, can exhibit different quantum states (for example, different Spin orientations).
How can we represent the Quantum Information of such an object? Since we cannot map the evolution of each event‑point that supports the Structure, we must use a composition index that indicates how much of the Structure exhibits state A and how much exhibits state B at a given instant. Each event‑point has its own quantum state, influenced by the spontaneous turbulence of the Field, by internal oscillations, and by external interactions.
The Form of an InfoStructure is therefore in constant mutation. The properties and behaviors of an elementary Particle such as an electron arise from the combination of an immense number of correlated event‑point dynamics. The measure and the form of this correlation represent the Information — and therefore the Energy — of the Structure.
I call this feature "polydynamism". Although elementary, these Structures show:
- continuous spatial variation of internal dynamics
- continuous temporal evolution
- portions with different dynamic/structural modalities (e.g., different Spin directions)
Polydynamism and polydynamicity manifest in both Ordinary Matter and Dark Matter. In the first case we may speak of Quantum Polydynamism; in the second, of Dark Polydynamism. The phenomenon is the same; what differs are the features of the dynamics and the Structures produced. While at the quantum level we observe superposition, entanglement, and so on, at the dark or cosmic level we observe a multiplicity of dynamics in the interactions between turbulence and halos, galactic bubbles, filaments, voids, walls, and so forth — with effects that may even appear unusual on the Ordinary Matter components of the Cosmic Web.
In summary, the key aspects to understanding the weirdness of quantum states are:
- Uncertainty
- Spatial extension
- Turbulent nature
- Continuous mutation
- Polydynamism
Measurement
What happens when these mutable and polydynamic Structures become the object of a measurement interaction — or, more generally, of any interaction? What happens in terms of Information, and in particular Quantum Information? What does it mean to extract Information about the quantum state of a Structure, for example an elementary Vortex‑type InfoStructure?
The answer depends on many factors: the observable we choose, the methodology of the measurement, the type of interaction involved, and the surrounding physical conditions. To make the discussion concrete, let us consider a familiar case: measuring the Spin direction of an electron. Despite the abstract and elusive nature of Spin, this type of measurement is among the clearest and most intuitive to visualize.
In extreme synthesis, measuring the Spin direction of an electron (or of a suitably prepared excited atom, or even of a neuron in certain experimental contexts) requires a magnetic field — a Derived Physical Field, that is, a specific "view" of the Elementary Field focused on the Component of Elementary Action we call Rotation:AxisOrientation. This magnetic field is generated by two specially shaped magnets assembled inside the measuring apparatus. The example will be revisited in the next chapter, in the section Notes on some relevant experiments, where we will model the Stern–Gerlach experiment within the framework of our Evolutionary Knowledge System.
What matters here is the informational aspect. A measurement is an interaction that forces a polydynamic Structure — whose quantum state is evolving in a superposition of possibilities — to reorganize its internal correlations so that one of the possible outcomes becomes actual. The Structure's polydynamics is "reset" by the interaction, and the quantum Information we obtain corresponds to the new organizational pattern of Elementary Action that emerges from this reset.
In the case of Spin measurement, the magnetic field interacts with the electron's Rotation:AxisOrientation Component, modifying the correlations of Elementary Action that define its form. The electron's polydynamic evolution is interrupted, and the Structure reorganizes into one of the allowed Spin orientations. The measurement does not reveal a pre‑existing value; it creates the value by forcing the Structure into a new organizational state.
After the interaction, turbulence, internal dynamics, and external influences gradually restore — or rather, make the Structure evolve again toward — polydynamism. A new superposition of quantum states forms, and the Structure resumes its mutable evolution until the next interaction.
This is the essence of quantum measurement: an interaction that transforms polydynamic Information into effective — one might say monodynamic — Information — a new and stable configuration of Elementary Action that we can observe, record, and use.
Collapse of the wave function
A magnetic field, which consists of the more or less intense correlation of the Rotation:AxisOrientation of the event points of the portion of the Field affected by the magnetization, has the characteristic of inducing a reorientation of the Spin of the Particles present in the aforementioned portion of the Elementary Field. The correlation scheme (Information) that characterizes and gives Form to the Structure (Effective Energy of the Particle, which appears to us as Spin oriented in a specific spatial direction), interfering with the correlation scheme that characterizes the dynamics of the Elementary Field in the portion in which the magnetic field used for the measurement manifests itself, is modified and reoriented in the direction of the aforementioned magnetic field.
The collapse corresponds to the instantaneous reorganization of the Structure’s correlation scheme. The Rotation:AxisOrientation Component becomes aligned with the magnetic field. The wave function collapses because the underlying Structure has been reconfigured.
All the event points that support the Structure undergo this reorientation, which translates into the variation of the direction of Spin of the Particle used for the experiment. This variation is practically instantaneous, it occurs in a very rapid time, and affects all the points event that support the Structure regardless of their dynamic situation (Rotation:AxisOrientation) or quantum state of the event point or portion of the Structure (Spin orientation of the point or portion of the Particle). In clearer terms, the electron that can have any Spin orientation (any point of a sphere with the electron at the center, a point intersected by the positive direction of the Spin axis of the Particle itself) undergoes a magnetic interaction that produces a reorientation of all the points of its correlation scheme (points of the space occupied by the Structure) by point interaction with the points event of the portion of the Elementary Field that instant after instant (in the temporal continuum) supports the moving Structure.
This dynamic translates precisely into a reorientation of the direction of the electron's Spin, with alignment of the Rotation:AxisOrientation Component of all its point events. The superposition collapses on a defined value of Spin (except for the ever-present uncertainty related to the natural spontaneous turbulence of the Elementary Field), oriented to the lines of the magnetic field used for the measurement. And obviously the wave function that describes the evolution of the quantum states that make up the aforementioned superposition collapses.
From this moment, due to the turbulence of the Field, the internal dynamics and above all the incessant interactions of the Structure with the external environment in which it is immersed, the expression of the characteristic polydynamics of Information Structures resumes. Therefore, in a time variable according to these factors, a superposition of quantum states will reform, until the next interaction or measurement.
Entanglement
Before closing this section, it is worth recalling one of the strangest and most divisive phenomena in the history of physics — together with the interference pattern in the double‑slit experiment. Quantum entanglement has pushed generations of physicists away from the safe shores of relativistic realism and into the perilous waters of non‑locality.
Reduced to its essence, entanglement is the situation in which two quantum objects — photons, electrons, atoms — that undergo a specific interaction begin to behave as if they were a single composite system. Their quantum state is no longer the sum of two individual states, but a superposition that represents the combined system. Measuring one immediately reveals the state of the other, even when they are separated by large distances.
Rivers of ink (virtual, of course) have been spent trying to explain this weirdness. Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics struggle to reconcile it with locality. But I do not think we should abandon locality. If there is a connection between the two Structures — and there is — the connection is logical, not physical, in a conventional sense. Each Structure carries with it all the Quantum Information necessary to implement its correlated (weird) behavior. Their states are complete, physically separate, but logically related.
The key lies in the nature and form of the Structures involved, and in particular in their "polydynamics". The quantum state of each Structure is not defined (superposition), but both evolve in parallel, in physically distant regions, following the same polydynamic pattern. This parallel evolution continues until an interaction destroys the entanglement (decoherence).
The peculiarity of the entangled state is that Nature allows us to peek at the quantum state of one Structure without resetting the polydynamic evolution of the other. It is as if we could perform a measurement that reveals the Information of a quantum state without influencing it — something normally impossible. Entanglement gives us this exceptional window: we glimpse polydynamics at work without erasing it through measurement.
The Schrödinger equation precisely describes the evolution of the quantum states of particles through the phenomenon of polydynamics, which corresponds to the structural Property that I call here polydynamicity.
A final clarification. I speak of measurement because it is significant that we obtain Quantum Information. But to make all this happen — superposition, interaction, collapse, entanglement, decoherence — no observer or consciousness is required. Any interaction in the Universe is sufficient.
Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper
