Difference between revisions of "TFNR - Fundamental Constants of Nature"

Latest revision as of 19:48, 28 February 2026

In conventional physics, the Fundamental Constants of Nature are considered invariant physical quantities, fundamental (cause-independence), universal in nature (space-independence), and constant in time (time-independence). They are used in the basic equations that describe fundamental physical phenomena. They can be dimensionless or can have dimensions.

The constants that are considered fundamental are the following (the set of constants varies according to the theoretical reference framework considered):

• the gravitational constant G
• the velocity of light in vacuum or speed of light (c)
• the Planck constant (h) or (ħ: h bar)
• the electric constant ε0
• the charge of the electron
• the absolute value of which is the fundamental unit of electric charge (e)
• the mass of the electron (me)
• the dimensionless fine-structure constant, symbolized by the Greek letter alpha (α), which characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction
• the Avogadro constant (NA)
• the Boltzmann constant (kB)
• 9 Yukawa couplings for the quarks and leptons (equivalent to specifying the rest mass of these elementary particles),
• 2 parameters of the Higgs field potential
• 4 parameters for the quark mixing matrix
• 3 coupling constants for the gauge groups SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) (or equivalently, two coupling constants and the Weinberg angle)
• a phase for the QCD vacuum

Many of these "constants" refer to a level which in conventional physics is considered elementary—that of particles—but which in this model I do not consider elementary at all. The level of Particles and Waves, which we here call Structures of Information, is a level of medium complexity, resting on more elementary levels: that of Information / Energy, the even more elementary level of Elementary Action and its Modes/Components, up to the most basic level, that of the Primary Source in its two complementary aspects—the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field that incessantly create the sub-elementary dynamism of the Field that sustains and supports everything, and of which everything is made.

This large number of constants referring to the world of elementary particles, their properties, and the strengths of their interactions (nearly all of the 26 constants considered by conventional physics), in my opinion, is most likely due to our ignorance of the true nature of particles, and above all of the dynamics of the most elementary levels of Physical Reality. This articulated and obscure world underlying the complex quantum dynamics of particles is commonly dismissed with superficiality, as in the case of the hypothesis of hidden variables—even when supported by important experimental evidence (possibly misunderstood). In general, (unnecessary) natural constants support our ignorance about natural phenomena.

Let's detach ourselves for a moment from the history of physics, from theories more or less accredited, more or less in crisis. Let's take distance from the complex experiments that have led tenacious and brilliant researchers to measure apparently fundamental parameters. Let's make a clean slate of everything that has been, of what we think we know. Let's attempt a rational, logical exercise, starting from scratch.

I hypothesize, as I effectively do in constructing this System of Knowledge, that a Source—a Force/Field pair, absolutely elementary and fundamental—expresses itself by producing Events, micro-variations, micro-gradients, fluctuations, in a scalar Field. These micro-gradients interact in the Field, generating micro-flows (the Field becomes vectorial), and these in turn generate micro-torsions (the Field becomes spinorial).

What parameters, or "constants", would we expect to observe, or could we imagine, in such a context?

Perhaps a constant intensity of the Force acting on the Field producing Elementary Events, micro-variations in the scalar Field.

And on the Field side? Some kind of variational resistance to the causal Action of this Force:

• resistance to the formation/variation and propagation of micro-gradients (resistance to deformation)
• resistance to the formation/variation (and propagation?) of micro-flows or micro-stresses (resistance to stress)
• resistance to the formation/variation and propagation of micro-torsions (resistance to torsion -> vorticity/helicity) (maybe ε0 for torsion chirality, μ0 for torsion axis orientation)

Perhaps a parameter, a constant of proportionality relating micro-gradient and micro-flow produced, and at more complex levels, relating Mass to gravitational attraction or acceleration (the "G" universal gravitational constant?).

And perhaps some amount of Action associated with propagation of torsion (-> vorticity) (constant "h" or "ħ", a measure of action?)

Something else?

This at the most basic level of Physical Reality. At more complex levels, such as that of Structures of Information, Waves and Particles of Quantum Mechanics/Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model of Particles, we would expect to derive all the quantities now considered fundamental constants (particle masses and charges, the fine structure, coupling constants, etc.) from the above-hypothesized quantities, which should indeed be truly fundamental.

Some reflection about the most famous natural constant: "the speed of light in the vacuum"

To explain the phenomena we observe as curvature of Space-time we can imagine two models, equivalent in some respects (though the second offers more possibilities to explain cosmological Phenomena that otherwise remain mysterious):

• Curved Spacetime and constant speed of light
  • What does it mean that Space is curved? Spatial extensions, volumes, distances, and lengths are not absolute or fixed, but can vary in Space and Time (rods can lengthen or shorten in different places, directions or moments) as a result of two interconnected factors:
    • the density of Elementary Events (discrepancies of the pre-temporal distributions — tau-distributions — of the amplitudes of the pre-spatial fluctuations — sigma-fluctuations — of the Elementary Field resonating at dimensional scales around the Planck scale), otherwise called Metric, if seen as potential Energy of the Field, and Mass as effective Energy of InfoStructures (in terms of Elementary Action: Perturbation, inhomogeneities in the distributions of Elementary Events)
    • the speed of the structure being measured/observed (Translation, inhomogeneity in tau-distributions of orientation of sigma-fluctuations)
  • What does it mean that Time is curved? Basically that the temporal durations, the intervals, and therefore the times, are not absolute, fixed, but can vary in Space and Time (clocks can speed up or slow down) as a result of two fundamental interconnected factors:
  • What does it mean that Time is curved? Temporal durations, intervals, and times are not absolute or fixed, but can vary in Space and Time (clocks can speed up or slow down) as a result of the same two interconnected factors:
    • the density of Elementary Events, otherwise called Mass (in terms of Elementary Action: Perturbation), inhomogeneity in the tau-distributions of amplitudes of sigma-fluctuations)
    • the speed of the Structure being measured/observed (Translation)
  • Mass and Space-time curvature are the same thing, produced by the same cause: the density of tau-distributions of Elementary Events. The more Mass (Ordinary Matter) an object has (or the more massive a Space-time region is, for example due to the organizational structure of that distributions we call Dark Matter), the greater the curvature of Space-time in that object (and its surroundings) or region. We can have:
    • no Mass (zero Mass density) = no curvature of Space-time metrics (flat Space and flat Time): no massive structures, no Ordinary or Dark Matter, no Dark Energy (or rather, no organizational structures of the tau-distributions of sigma-fluctuations that we call Dark Energy)
    • negative Mass density = negative curvature: presence of Ordinary or Dark Matter, or Ordinary Energy -> negative curvature means
      • contraction of length, spatial extension, distance, volume; Space seems to shrink, volumes and objects seem smaller, distances shorter
      • dilation of Time, temporal durations, intervals; Time seems to pass more slowly
    • positive Mass density = positive curvature: presence of Dark Energy -> positive curvature means
      • expansion of length, spatial extension, distance; Space seems to grow, objects seem larger, distances longer
      • contraction of Time, temporal durations, intervals; Time seems to pass more quickly
• Curved time, flat space and variable speed of light
  • What does it mean that Space is flat (not curved and not bendable)? Spatial extensions, distances, volumes, and lengths—even if not absolute—cannot vary in Space (different places) and Time (different moments), rods cannot lengthen or shorten. Nothing can curve Space:
    • neither Mass, the density of tau-distributions (in terms of Elementary Action: Perturbation)
    • nor Motion, the speed of the Structure being measured/observed (Translation)
  • What does it mean that Time is curved? Temporal durations, intervals, and times are not absolute or fixed, but can vary in Space and Time (clocks can speed up or slow down) as a result of the same two interconnected factors:
    • the density of Elementary Events (Mass) -> (Perturbation)
    • the speed of the Structure being measured/observed (Translation)
  • What does it mean that the speed of light (the maximum velocity of Causality and Information in the Universe) is variable?
  • Mass and Time curvature with variable speed of light are the same thing, produced by the same cause: the density of tau-distributions of Elementary Events. The more Mass (Ordinary Matter) an object has (or the more massive, or metrically curved, a Space-time region is, for example due to the organizational structure of the Elementary Field we call Dark Matter), the greater the curvature of Space-time in that object (and its surroundings) or region. We can have:
    • no Mass (zero Mass density) = no curvature of the Space-time metrics (flat Space and flat Time): no massive structures, no Ordinary or Dark Matter, no Dark Energy
    • negative mass density = negative curvature: presence of Ordinary or Dark Matter, or Ordinary Energy -> negative curvature means:
      • contraction of lengths, spatial extensions, volumes, and distances; Space seems to shrink, to contract, objects seem to become smaller and so the distances between them
      • dilation of Time, temporal durations, intervals; Time seems to pass at a lower pace
    • positive Mass density = positive curvature: presence of Dark Energy -> positive curvature means:
      • expansion of lengths, spatial extensions, volumes, and distances; space seems to grow, to expand, objects seem to become bigger and so the distances between them
      • contraction of Time, temporal durations, intervals; Time seems to pass at a faster pace

Regarding the fundamental constants of Nature, I would like to summarize and clarify some of my considerations:

• I am not convinced that the quantities recognized as fundamental constants in conventional physics—some of which I listed above—are truly constant and/or fundamental:
  • Constant — As I tried to illustrate above with the “speed of light in vacuum,” some of these supposed constants may appear constant without actually being so. In the case of the speed of light, the reason it seems constant to us is that every phenomenon we can observe is ultimately detected through light, or through phenomena involving light. Everything we see is light moving through Space‑Time in various ways. I would indeed be surprised if, when using the speed of light as a reference for every observable phenomenon, it appeared to us as variable.
  • Fundamental — Returning to the case of the speed of light: we know that the value of this supposed constant can be derived from two other constants, epsilon‑zero and mu‑zero, vacuum permittivity and vacuum permeability, respectively. By the very fact that the speed of light is obtained from the square root of their product, we should regard vacuum permittivity and vacuum permeability as more fundamental than "c", a derived quantity.
• I believe it is legitimate to aspire to identify a small number of truly fundamental quantities that cannot be reduced any further. I have hypothesized that such quantities must be, and only be, those that characterize the sub‑Entities representing the two aspects of the Primary Source of Reality: the Fundamental Force and the Elementary Field. Accordingly, the intensity of expression of the former, and the resistances to the manifestation of deformations for the latter. In my view, all other quantities that describe the Levels of Reality above this most elementary one should be derivable from these fundamental quantities. Just as all levels of Reality arise from the elementary dynamism of the Field under the Action of the Force, so too must the fundamental quantities originate from this relationship.