Difference between revisions of "TFNR - Cosmic substances"

Revision as of 15:50, 5 May 2025

It is commonly believed that the Universe is composed almost entirely of Dark Energy (approximately 69% of the total Matter / Energy), Dark Matter (around 26%), and Ordinary Matter (just under 5%), along with electromagnetic radiation and traces of antimatter.

These are thought to be the fundamental substances that constitute the objects, bodies, and structures forming the Universe.

All this is partly true—but only partially.

The proportions indicated are incorrect and conflict with the Fundamental Nature of Physical Reality.

These estimates were derived within the framework of an incorrect cosmological model, developed without fully understanding the nature, Properties, and dynamics of most of these constituents—particularly Dark (invisible) Matter and Energy. Likewise, there remains significant ignorance regarding the nature, Properties, and Behaviors of Ordinary (visible) Matter, including the Particles and Waves studied in QFT and QM.

So, what hypothesis does this System of Knowledge propose regarding the composition of the Universe?

A common response might suggest that gases, plasmas, and dust composed of various chemical compounds serve as the raw material fueling the formation of celestial objects and bodies, which, in turn, lead to increasingly complex structures such as galaxies and larger cosmic formations, in which they tend to group.

While this answer is not incorrect, it is neither profound nor complete.

Physical Reality can be observed and described at multiple nested levels, ranging from the most elementary—characterized by the dynamics of Elementary Events within the Elementary Field—to more complex manifestations of Physical Forms. These include the objects and structures we recognize, all the way up to the Universe in its entirety.

Let's start at the most fundamental level. As observed, Elementary Action is the "most basic form of substance." It consists of fluctuations in spatial distances—linear distances, areas, and volumes—within the Elementary Field at the Planck scale, occurring at variable times due to the constant intensity of the Fundamental Force, which incessantly acts upon the Elementary Field.

Imagine stopping Time, freezing the Formation of Reality, capturing a snapshot of the Elementary Field. This would allow us to detect Energy / Information, revealing the organization of the Elementary Events that animate the Field. We would observe pronounced fluctuations whose intensity distribution follows a precise probabilistic law, resonating at the Planck scale.

At the infinitesimal level, we would also witness a highly curved space (recalling the concept of "quantum foam"), with symmetrical peaks and valleys fluctuating around an average value—what we can consider the "zero energy level." This energy represents the "zero point energy" of the Elementary Field, nonzero due to the uninterrupted Action of the Fundamental Force upon the Field itself.

As we integrate this Elementary Energy over increasingly larger volumes, Space appears increasingly flat, and the Energy—originating from Planck-scale spatial fluctuations—approaches zero. The curvature of Space-time arises not from Space itself, but from Time. The curvature of Space-time is, therefore, a curvature of Time. Locally, across all scales and for all the Structures within the Field, Time flows at different rates (different temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations resonating around the Planck scale, different density of Elementary Events, and consequently, a variability in what we call the speed of light in vacuum (the speed of propagation of Causality, Action, and Information).

These local, more or less spatially extended inhomogeneities in the flow of Time constitute the substance of everything. According to the Principle of General Equivalence, such inhomogeneities can also be perceived as (local) inhomogeneities in the Field's temperature, in the density of positive Mass (Dark Energy) and negative Mass (the common attractive Mass, which mainly composes Dark Matter and the internal regions of Ordinary Matter Particles), and the limit of the speed of propagation of Causality, Action, and Information—commonly referred to as the speed of light in vacuum. A non zero value of the Mode / Component of Action that we call Perturbation.

By nature, dynamics, and definition, these inhomogeneities—nonzero at local levels and spanning a wide range of scales—at the Universal level are symmetrically distributed around an average value, which evolves over time due to the ongoing evolution of Reality, the complexification of the level of organization of the Field, and the Structures that form and evolve within it. While the total energy balance is greater than zero—immense, possibly infinite, in facts—the symmetry around the universal mean value (definable as the universal zero level) remains absolute.

In other words, we can state that the quantity of Dark Matter (negative Mass, locally reduced density of Elementary Events, slower Time flow, negative Space-time curvature, lower speed of light, lower temperature of the Field) and its symmetrical counterpart, Dark Energy (positive mass, locally increased density of Elementary Events, accelerated Time flow, positive Space-time curvature, higher speed of light, higher temperature of the Field) naturally, dynamically, and fundamentally perfectly balance each other.

Same thing for ordinary matter. Within each Structure of Information possessing Mass (i.e., all fermions), the negative Mass component—representing the intrinsic Mass of the Structure—and the positive Mass component—analogous to Dark Energy at the particle level and corresponding to the external or border region responsible for the intangibility property described by the Pauli exclusion principle—naturally balance symmetrically around an average value, which we assume to be zero (the zero level).

All matter, whether dark / invisible (Dark Matter and Dark Energy) or ordinary / visible (particles with their negative—core—and positive—boundary—Mass components), participates in a universal symmetry of positive and negative Mass / Energy around an average zero value. This symmetry, variable in Space—thereby constituting the Structures that form material Physical Reality—also varies over Time, undergoing a progressive reduction as the organization of the Field becomes increasingly vast and complex, with more structures and interrelationships emerging among its parts.

The other basic form is represented by Charge and Spin, which gives rise to Electromagnetic Waves—and, more generally, to all electrical and magnetic Phenomena. Even in wave-type Structures of Information, namely Electromagnetic Waves / Photons, the same symmetry concept applies around universal averages. These correspond, respectively, to the average chirality in the Field at a universal level (the universal electric zero) and to the average orientation of the rotation axis within the Elementary Field (the universal magnetic zero). Here too, by nature, dynamics, and definition, the symmetry is absolute, while exhibiting local spatial variations (in structures endowed with Charge and/or Spin, be they Particles or Waves) and temporal variations produced by the progressive evolution of chirality of Rotation and orientation of the axis of that chirality, as the Field’s structuring increases.

In essence, the elementary cosmic substance is "made up of" Time, or rather "is" Time: that is, "inhomogeneities in the flow of Time". We call this substance Elementary Action, in its Mode / Component here named Perturbation. It is expressed in several fundamental derived forms, including Matter / Energy—where positive and negative Masses are symmetrically arrayed around an average value that varies in Space (giving rise to Structures) and evolves in Time (leading to increasing Complexity).

Given that the primary substance is Elementary Action, as already defined, the derived substances (resulting from the organization of Elementary Action, of Elementary Events, and the Relations—"correlations"—between them) that make up the objects, bodies, and structures we observe throughout the Universe are:

• Energy / Information / Matter of the Structures in / of the Elementary Field and Derived Fields (different point of view of the Elementary Field)
  • Dark (invisible) Energy and Dark (invisible) Matter, in equal measure, by nature and definition
  • Ordinary (visible) Matter (with its ordinary Dark Energy component), in the form of:
    • elementary Particles: essentially electrons, protons and neutrons (maybe formed by quarks and gluons), neutrinos
  • Dark (invisible) and Ordinary (visible) Radiation:
    • elementary waves: Gravitational Waves (Dark / invisible Radiation) and Electromagnetic Waves (Ordinary / visible Radiation)
• Energy / Information / Matter in / of the Elementary Field and Derived Field (different point of view of the Elementary Field) in which structures exist
  • Ordinary / visible Energy:
    • gravitational potential
    • kinetic potential -> inertia
    • electric potential
    • magnetic potential
    • other more complex forms of Ordinary Energy: weak and strong nuclear energy

At the more complex level of the Forms, by "substance" we mean any aggregate of atoms and molecules or any set of Dark Structures. Hence, a substrate made up of Visible Matter and / or Dark matter, plus Visible (Electromagnetic Waves) and/or Dark (Gravitational Waves) Radiation.

The term substance is currently assimilated with that of matter, or chemical substance.

In this context, at this level of Reality, we can identify a multiplicity of different substances and various different mixtures of them, which constitute objects of Physical Reality. The air we breathe (composed of various different substances: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, rare gases, water vapor, traces of other substances, and various pollutants), the water we drink (here too: oxygen and hydrogen, dissolved gases, minerals, ions of other elements, etc.), sand, rocks, our blood, bird feathers, a fork, and even the halo of tenuous and diffuse Dark Matter that contains our solar system—infinite composite objects, from one to countless substances.

These are always "derived" substances, since the one and only fundamental substance that makes up the entire Reality, and therefore all these multiple derived substances, is the Elementary Action. This arises from the inhomogeneities in the distributions of Elementary Events, the infinitesimal fluctuations within the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force, deriving from the inner interaction between the two aspects of the Source of Reality.

Substances (derived) have attributes / Properties that are partly identical or superimposable to those of the atoms and molecules that compose them, while others are new, emerging as a result of the collective behavior of the complex interactions among a generally vast set of components.

Substances, in their different states / phases (gas, liquid, solid, etc.), can transform, creating new, more or less complex substances, through various chemical and physical processes that alter the nature of the substance itself and/or its attributes / Properties—an incessant process of transformation, mutation, and evolution of Information / Energy, Structure, and Form.

This is the domain of chemical physics and chemistry in all its forms (inorganic, organic, biological, etc.).

In summary, if we could observe Physical Reality at the smallest dimensional scales, at the most basic levels of Complexity, within the dynamics of the Elementary Field around the Planck scale, we would see infinitesimal fluctuations of spatial distances over time (described by the Principle of Uncertainty), with probability distributions (power spectrum) around infinite local average values, depending on the chosen reference volume, and a universal average value—a particular case of the local average value for volume amplitude tending to infinity. The greater the intensity and the rate of spatial fluctuations over time, the denser the Elementary Events, the faster the flow of Time, and therefore the speed of propagation of Causality, Action, and Information in the Field (commonly, the speed of light in a vacuum).

If observed at larger dimensional (spatial and temporal) scales, we would see diffuse low-density turbulent Structures of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Then, Particles and Waves with higher density (of Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin, and other derived quantities).

Looking at larger dimensional scales and levels of Complexity, we would see composite Particles like nucleons. Then, atoms, molecules, gases, dust, etc., leading up to objects, bodies, structures, etc.—ultimately culminating in the infinite Complexity of the evolving Universe.

Links to the tables of contents of TFNR Paper

• Go to the contents list of the paper "The Fundamental Nature of Reality"

• Go to Chapter 2 "A first look"