TFNR - The Structures of Information - Revision history

Paolo at 16:35, 19 October 2026

2026-10-19T16:35:59Z

Paolo at 16:33, 19 October 2026

2026-10-19T16:33:01Z

Paolo at 16:25, 19 October 2026

2026-10-19T16:25:31Z

Paolo: /* Observation */

2026-09-21T16:29:10Z

‎Observation

Paolo: /* Dynamics */

2026-09-21T15:45:45Z

‎Dynamics

Paolo: /* Dynamics */

2026-09-21T15:22:57Z

‎Dynamics

Paolo: /* Properties */

2026-09-21T15:20:53Z

‎Properties

Paolo: /* Properties */

2026-09-21T15:17:35Z

‎Properties

Paolo: /* Classification */

2026-09-21T15:16:15Z

‎Classification

Paolo: /* Classification */

2026-09-21T15:15:01Z

‎Classification

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 Within this knowledge system, and with reference to the most elementary level of Physical Reality, the expression '''Structure of Information''' refers to a '''pattern of organization of Action in the Field'''.
-Structures therefore represent '''the forms assumed by the incessant dynamism of Reality''': Processes of Events organized by Relations, correlations between the pre-temporal distributions of the sub-elementary pre-spatial fluctuations in / of the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force.
+Structures therefore represent '''the forms assumed by the incessant dynamism of Reality''': Processes of Events organized by Relations, correlations between the pre-temporal distributions of pre-spatial fluctuations in / of the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force.
 In this sense, Structures are not containers of something else. They are not passive objects. They are organized Action, and therefore organized Information / Energy.
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 Observing the InfoStructures from the different perspectives of the profound nature of Reality, '''we can formulate different definitions, all complementary and equivalent''', each capable of providing a peculiar image that helps us build a more complete and detailed vision.
-Strictly speaking, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, by Structures I mean '''those small entities, so to say, that represent the discrete, quantized aspect of Reality: waves, particles, and their more or less complex interactions'''. These are not "objects" in the conventional sense, but elementary forms of organized Action that make up ordinary / visible Matter (radiation, particles, atoms, etc.). In the representation of what exists within this system of knowledge, these InfoStructures represent only a minimal fraction (5%?) of the existing Matter and Energy (Information). To this we must add all the Matter and Energy of the dark / invisible sector of Physical Reality, which we will discuss later.
+Strictly speaking, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, by Structures I mean '''those small entities, so to say, that represent the discrete, quantized aspect of Reality: waves, particles, and their more or less complex interactions'''. These are not "objects" in the conventional sense, but elementary forms of organized Action that make up ordinary / visible Matter (radiation, particles, atoms, etc.). In the representation of what exists within this system of knowledge, these InfoStructures represent only a small fraction of the Matter and Energy believed to exist in the Universe (Information). To this we must add all the Matter and Energy of the dark / invisible sector of Physical Reality, which we will discuss later.
 '''Speaking of terms and definitions''', for Matter and Energy whose existence is supposed but whose nature and form are not known, rather than using the adjective "dark", it is more appropriate to use the term "'''invisible'''", because this is what it refers to: the impossibility of observing these entities as they do not seem to emit electromagnetic radiation (light, radio waves, x or gamma rays, etc.). Symmetrically, we should use the term "'''visible'''" for Matter and Energy that we can observe by collecting electromagnetic radiation, and which we call "ordinary" or "bright". In the text, given common usage, I will continue to use both "dark and invisible" and "ordinary and visible" or "bright".

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 Where does all this structure come from? Where do Structures originate? And what does structure represent in Reality and of Reality? And likewise for Structures?
-Structure is '''one of the fundamental aspects of Reality''', both in the physical and in the cognitive domain. The other aspect, which we examined in previous chapters — especially in the one dedicated to Action — is '''dynamism''': the incessant variation of form, deformation, what we call an Event. '''Structure consists of more or less mutable Relations among Events that give form to dynamism'''. And "structure" is precisely the "form" of "dynamism". It represents '''the evolving Essence / Form of dynamism, while dynamism itself represents Existence in its unfolding'''.
+Structure is '''one of the fundamental aspects of Reality''', both in the physical and in the cognitive domain. The other aspect, which we examined in previous chapters — especially in the one dedicated to Action — is '''dynamism''': the incessant variation of form, deformation, what I call an Event. '''Structure consists of more or less mutable Relations among Events that give form to dynamism'''. And "structure" is precisely the "form" of "dynamism". It represents '''the evolving Essence / Form of dynamism, while dynamism itself represents Existence in its unfolding'''.
 Structures should not be viewed as static objects. They are evolving organizations of Action, emerging from and sustained by the continuous evolutionary dynamics of the Elementary Field. Their existence, persistence, transformation and disappearance are all aspects of the same Process of Formation.
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 Observing the InfoStructures from the different perspectives of the profound nature of Reality, '''we can formulate different definitions, all complementary and equivalent''', each capable of providing a peculiar image that helps us build a more complete and detailed vision.
-Strictly speaking, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, by Structures we mean '''those small entities, so to say, that represent the discrete, quantized aspect of Reality: waves, particles, and their more or less complex interactions'''. These are not "objects" in the conventional sense, but elementary forms of organized Action that make up ordinary / visible Matter (radiation, particles, atoms, etc.). In the representation of what exists within this system of knowledge, these InfoStructures represent only a minimal fraction (5%?) of the existing Matter and Energy (Information). To this we must add all the Matter and Energy of the dark / invisible sector of Physical Reality, which we will discuss later.
+Strictly speaking, at the most elementary level of Physical Reality, by Structures I mean '''those small entities, so to say, that represent the discrete, quantized aspect of Reality: waves, particles, and their more or less complex interactions'''. These are not "objects" in the conventional sense, but elementary forms of organized Action that make up ordinary / visible Matter (radiation, particles, atoms, etc.). In the representation of what exists within this system of knowledge, these InfoStructures represent only a minimal fraction (5%?) of the existing Matter and Energy (Information). To this we must add all the Matter and Energy of the dark / invisible sector of Physical Reality, which we will discuss later.
-'''Speaking of terms and definitions''', for Matter and Energy whose existence is supposed but whose nature and form are not known, rather than using the adjective "dark", it is more appropriate to use the term "'''invisible'''", because this is what it refers to: the impossibility of observing these entities as they do not seem to emit electromagnetic radiation (light, radio waves, x or gamma rays, etc.). Symmetrically, we should use the term "'''visible'''" for Matter and Energy that we can observe by collecting electromagnetic radiation, and which we call "ordinary" or "bright". In the text, given common usage, we will continue to use both "dark and invisible" and "ordinary and visible" or "bright".
+'''Speaking of terms and definitions''', for Matter and Energy whose existence is supposed but whose nature and form are not known, rather than using the adjective "dark", it is more appropriate to use the term "'''invisible'''", because this is what it refers to: the impossibility of observing these entities as they do not seem to emit electromagnetic radiation (light, radio waves, x or gamma rays, etc.). Symmetrically, we should use the term "'''visible'''" for Matter and Energy that we can observe by collecting electromagnetic radiation, and which we call "ordinary" or "bright". In the text, given common usage, I will continue to use both "dark and invisible" and "ordinary and visible" or "bright".
 Similarly, we will talk about the '''dark / invisible sector''' or side to collectively refer to the invisible InfoStructures hypothesized to populate the Universe, and the ordinary / visible / bright sector or side for the Structures that we can observe through gravitational and electromagnetic radiation.
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 Extending our hypotheses a little, we could say that '''the invisible sector is composed of massive Structures with low density and wide spatial distribution''' (halos of dark matter / dark energy and gravitational waves, the complex dark structure of the cosmic web), expressions of the Component of Elementary Action called Perturbation, root of Space-time and Mass, source of metric and gravitational phenomena and dominated by gravity (and therefore observable through gravitational effects, e.g. gravitational dynamics of celestial bodies, strong and weak lensing, etc).
-On the other hand, '''the visible sector is composed of massive Structures with high density and narrow spatial distributio'''n (Particles of ordinary, or even "exotic" but still visible / detectable Matter, ordinary Energy and electromagnetic waves, the Matter and Radiation that make up the "non-dark" part of the Universe), expressions, as well as of the Perturbation Mode, primarily of the Component of Elementary Action called Rotation, in its two sub-modes Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation, root of Charge and Spin, source of electrical and magnetic phenomena and dominated by electromagnetism, and a fundamental contributor to the dynamism and the form that characterize vortex‑like Structures.
+On the other hand, '''the visible sector is composed of massive Structures with high density and narrow spatial distribution''' (Particles of ordinary, or even "exotic" but still visible / detectable Matter, ordinary Energy and electromagnetic waves, the Matter and Radiation that make up the "non-dark" part of the Universe), expressions, as well as of the Perturbation Mode, primarily of the Component of Elementary Action called Rotation, in its two sub-modes Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation, root of Charge and Spin, source of electrical and magnetic phenomena and dominated by electromagnetism, and a fundamental contributor to the dynamism and the form that characterize vortex‑like Structures.
 Let's try to put things in order:
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 '''Where do InfoStructures come from?''' What is their origin? How do they take form?
-The simple and concise answer is that '''they arise from the organization of the dynamism of the Elementary Field''', the dynamism of Elementary Action governed by the three Fundamental Principles (Uncertainty, Action and Reaction, and Least Action). By origin or origination we therefore mean Formation: construction through creative and evolutionary Processes that, starting from the sub-elementary fluctuations of the Field, first give rise to invisible / Dark structures (Dark Halos / Bubbles / web, and gravitational waves) and then, through their dynamics, to visible / Ordinary Structures (massive Particles and electromagnetic waves). This formation occurs essentially through '''two aspects of evolutionary Processes'''.
+The simple and concise answer is that '''they arise from the organization of the dynamism of the Elementary Field''', the dynamism of Elementary Action governed by the three Fundamental Principles (Uncertainty, Action and Reaction, and Least Action). By origin or origination I therefore mean Formation: construction through creative and evolutionary Processes that, starting from the sub-elementary fluctuations of the Field, first give rise to invisible / Dark structures (Dark Halos / Bubbles / web, and gravitational waves) and then, through their dynamics, to visible / Ordinary Structures (massive Particles and electromagnetic waves). This formation occurs essentially through '''two aspects of evolutionary Processes'''.
 The first, '''self‑organization''', is a fundamental aspect of the evolutionary dynamics of Reality. Structures emerge from the Field, co‑evolving in an incessant interaction with the dynamism of the Field itself.
@@ Line 151: / Line 151: @@
 What changes when observing Structures from '''absolute or relative perspectives''' — either from the point of view "of" the Field (the absolute perspective) or from the point of view of the Structures themselves "in" the Elementary Field (the relative perspective)?
-In a later section we will describe '''the same Structures viewed from both perspectives'''. In particular, we will consider a uniformly moving vortex‑like Structure (a simple case), observed from:
+In a later section I will describe '''the same Structures viewed from both perspectives'''. In particular, I will consider a uniformly moving vortex‑like Structure (a simple case), observed from:
 * the '''absolute perspective''' of:
 ** a point‑event "of" the Field -> a point in Space,

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 __NOTOC__
-Everywhere we look, observe, measure, everything we are, everything we imagine... '''Everything has structure, everything is structure''', structures, objects, things, Forms or parts of larger and more complex Forms, Systems, the Universe. Structures that make up structures, systems of structures and parts in dynamic relation, everything is structured Information in incessant interaction.
+Everywhere we look, observe, measure, everything we are, everything we imagine... '''Everything has structure, everything is structure''': structures, objects, things, Forms or parts of larger and more complex Forms, Systems, the Universe itself. Structures composing structures, systems of structures and parts in dynamic relation. In this sense, everything is structured Information in incessant interaction.
 '''Information, In-Form-Action...'''
-Structures of Information make up the entire evolving Universe, from our body to the entire Physical Universe... And not only that. Even in the cognitive domain of Reality, everything is structure: Structures of Cognitive Information (perceptions, sensations, emotions, memories, thoughts, models, etc.) incessantly interact to form the flow of consciousness, internal states and dynamics, representations of ourselves and the world in which we live.
+Structures of Information make up the entire evolving Universe, from elementary quantum objects to stars, galaxies and living beings. And not only in the physical domain. '''In the cognitive domain as well, everything appears as structure''': Structures of Cognitive Information (perceptions, sensations, emotions, memories, thoughts, models, systems of knowledge, and so on) continuously interact, forming consciousness, internal states, representations of ourselves and of the world in which we live.
 '''Information and Structures everywhere!'''
-As seen, in the causal chain that, from the Source, from its active side, the Force, leads to the Form, to the Forms, to the Universe, to Reality as a whole in progress, after the Action we have found Information. The Form of Action, precisely.
+As seen in the previous chapters, in the causal chain that leads from the Source to Reality, '''after Action we encounter Information: the Form of Action'''. Information, however, does not remain isolated. It tends to organize itself into coherent patterns, becoming structured Information.
-'''Information tends to form Structures, to become "structured Information", as Relations between Events form Processes, patterns of organization'''. Structures that in turn constitute the bricks that make up the Forms.
+'''Structures of Information are organized Forms of Action.'''
-In this knowledge system, in a general sense and with reference to the most basic level of Reality, the term "Structure of Information" means '''pattern of organization of Action in the Field''' (Information, In-form-action).
+Relations between Events form Processes and patterns of organization. '''These patterns progressively acquire coherence, persistence and individuality, becoming Structures'''. Structures, in turn, become the building blocks of Forms and of all higher levels of Reality.
-Structures represent the shapes, the forms of what incessantly happens, Processes of Events organized by Relations, '''correlations of the distributions of the elementary fluctuations in / of the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force''', the product of the inner interaction between the active and the passive aspects of the Primary Source, the Source of Reality. In this sense, Structures are not "containers" of something else: they are forms of organized Action, and therefore forms of structured Information/Energy.
+Within this knowledge system, and with reference to the most elementary level of Physical Reality, the expression '''Structure of Information''' refers to a '''pattern of organization of Action in the Field'''.
-But we can give many other definitions (complementary or equivalent) with respect to the way we look at them, to the aspect, property, behavior we are focusing on.
+Structures therefore represent '''the forms assumed by the incessant dynamism of Reality''': Processes of Events organized by Relations, correlations between the pre-temporal distributions of the sub-elementary pre-spatial fluctuations in / of the Elementary Field under the incessant Action of the Fundamental Force.
-And then, after the definitions, we will outline the most significant aspects, classification and origin, properties and dynamics of the Structures of Information, aspects that we will deal with in more detail in this tenth chapter.
+In this sense, Structures are not containers of something else. They are not passive objects. They are organized Action, and therefore organized Information / Energy.
-'''Important! For the sake of brevity and simplicity, in the following instead of the extended term "Structure of Information" we will often use the term "InfoStructure", or sometimes even just "Structure", or "IS".'''
+Throughout this chapter, we will examine the origin, classification, properties and dynamics of the Structures of Information, with particular attention to the Physical Structures of Information that constitute Matter, Radiation and the physical world.
 === What is structure, and what are Structures? ===
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 Where does all this structure come from? Where do Structures originate? And what does structure represent in Reality and of Reality? And likewise for Structures?
 Structure is '''one of the fundamental aspects of Reality''', both in the physical and in the cognitive domain. The other aspect, which we examined in previous chapters — especially in the one dedicated to Action — is '''dynamism''': the incessant variation of form, deformation, what we call an Event. '''Structure consists of more or less mutable Relations among Events that give form to dynamism'''. And "structure" is precisely the "form" of "dynamism". It represents '''the evolving Essence / Form of dynamism, while dynamism itself represents Existence in its unfolding'''.
 Just as Information is the form of Action, so '''"structure" is the form of "dynamism"'''. Structure is the configuration that Action assumes when we observe it as a state. And therefore, what has been said for Information / Energy and for informational / energetic states also applies to "structure": to observe a form, to capture a state, to measure the energy of a system, '''we must stop Time''' — we must take a snapshot of a process in incessant evolution.
@@ Line 38: / Line 42: @@
 === Turbulence, Potentials, InfoStructures ===
-Within the general framework of this knowledge system, InfoStructures represent '''the most organized and individuated level of Action in the Field'''. They emerge '''from a deeper physical genealogy''' composed of '''progressively more organized conditions of Actio'''n. At the most elementary level lies '''Turbulence''', the minimal and non‑coherent form of Action. Above it, we find the '''Potentials''', extended but non‑self‑sustaining configurations of the Field. '''InfoStructures''' constitute the third level: highly organized, coherent and self‑sustaining forms of Action, endowed with their own Properties, Behaviors and causal capacities.
+Within the general framework of this knowledge system, InfoStructures represent '''the most organized and individuated level of Action in the Field'''. They emerge '''from a deeper physical genealogy''' composed of '''progressively more organized conditions of Action'''. At the most elementary level lies '''Turbulence''', the minimal and non‑coherent form of Action. Above it, we find the '''Potentials''', extended but non‑self‑sustaining configurations of the Field. '''InfoStructures constitute the third level''': highly organized, coherent and self‑sustaining forms of Action, endowed with their own Properties, Behaviors, Dynamics and evolutionary trajectories.
 '''In this chapter we focus exclusively on InfoStructures''' — their physical forms (Waves, Vortices, Interactions), their Properties and their dynamics. Turbulence and Potentials are not treated here systematically, as they belong to the more elementary levels of Action and have been analyzed in previous chapters. Nevertheless, it is useful to recall that every InfoStructure originates from evolutionary processes involving these simpler levels: Turbulence spontaneously emerges from the elementary dynamism, Potentials provide the first extended organization of the Field, and InfoStructures represent the structured and individuated form of Action that constitutes the basis of Matter and Radiation, both ordinary / visible and dark / invisible.
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 Because of this proximity, the space occupied by this field of research in modern physics and the amount of theoretical and experimental activity devoted to it are enormous. The intellectual and experimental effort is impressive, with huge investments concentrated on the development of increasingly powerful colliders, in search of new particles and increasingly accurate measurements of their properties. Particles, particles, particles... InfoStructures. Studying them is essential, but to understand their nature, origin, internal dynamics and mutual interactions, and their role in the construction of Physical Reality, it is not enough to observe collisions at ever higher energies. Since the physical world is not composed only of InfoStructures (visible and invisible), to go deeper and attempt to understand the Fundamental Nature of Reality, '''it is not enough to study particles, waves and their interactions; it is necessary to observe Nature with new eyes and an open mind'''. Particle models, useful for classifying particles and their interactions, if they saturate the theoretical and experimental landscape, risk becoming an obstacle to understanding Reality at a deeper level, and to constructing a unified vision of Reality, of Nature, of the Universe.
-It is therefore crucial to grasp the true nature of InfoStructures, '''to build a correct representation — a more accurate, plausible and realistic vision'''. In my opinion, much of the weirdness and incomprehensibility of Quantum Mechanics derives precisely from an '''erroneous representation of quantum objects''' (waves and particles) and their interactions. These erroneous concepts '''have led to contradictions with the principles of Reality''', such as non-locality, and to imagining an absurd world where Space and Time lose their fundamental characteristics which, together with Causality, define the Reality of which we are part. They have even led to a redefinition of the very concepts of Reality and realism, when it would have been sufficient to abandon classical and relativistic determinism in favor of indeterminacy and probabilities. Faced with this theoretical impasse, the response was "Shut up and calculate!", or interpretations that, to me, made little sense (many worlds, pilot waves, deterministic hidden-variable models, etc.). The erroneous conception of the nature and form of quantum objects has led to '''counterintuitive deductions''' that have influenced the entire landscape of fundamental physics, scientific research, philosophy, culture, and even the everyday vision of Reality.
+It is therefore crucial to grasp the true nature of InfoStructures, '''to build a correct representation — a more accurate, plausible and realistic vision'''. In my opinion, much of the apparent weirdness and difficulty of interpretation associated with Quantum Mechanics may derive from '''an incomplete representation of quantum objects and their internal dynamism'''. This possibility motivates the analysis developed in the second part of this chapter, dedicated to the reinterpretation of quantum phenomena through the framework of InfoStructures and, more generally, through the broader descriptive framework of Reality proposed in this work.
 === Origin ===

@@ Line 143: / Line 143: @@
 === Observation ===
-What is different observing Structures from '''absolute or relative perspectives''', from the point of view of the Field (the absolute perspective) or from the point of view of the Structures themselves (the relative perspective)?
+What changes when observing Structures from '''absolute or relative perspectives''' — either from the point of view "of" the Field (the absolute perspective) or from the point of view of the Structures themselves "in" the Elementary Field (the relative perspective)?
-In a further section, we will describe, the '''same Structures viewed from the two perspectives'''. In particular, a Vortex-like Structure uniformly moving in the Field (a simple case), observed by:
+In a later section we will describe '''the same Structures viewed from both perspectives'''. In particular, we will consider a uniformly moving vortex‑like Structure (a simple case), observed from:
-*the '''absolute perspective''' of:
+* the '''absolute perspective''' of:
-**a point event of the Field, a point in Space
+** a point‑event "of" the Field -> a point in Space,
-**a portion of the Field, a set of points events, a Space domain,
+** a portion "of" the Field -> a set of point‑events, a Space domain;
-*the '''relative perspective''' of:
+* the '''relative perspective''' of:
-**the same observed InfoStructure, moving in the Field.
+** the same InfoStructure, moving "in" the Field.
-'''From the point of view of the Field''' (the absolute perspective), we can see a Structure as a pattern of organization of the tempotal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuation of the Field itself, a scheme of correlation of the micro-states that describe the dynamics of the point events of the Field, a space time domain that shows the same Information, organized Action with a form. In the unstructured Elementary Field, the absolute, for definition, no reference points can be found. Reference points (relative, by definition) can only be represented by some form of structure, Structures or by Forms as sets, networks of Structures. So, from the point of view of the Field, we will always see a Structure as a scheme of organization forming, propagating, conserving, transforming or disappear, a pattern in the organization of the point distributions of the elementary fluctuations of Space time itself. And more, observing a Structure from the absolute perspective, not as a point event, but '''as a portion of the Field''', with a non-null Space and Time extension, will give us a close vision of the dynamics of the Elementary Field that underlines the dynamics of the particles and the waves and their multiform interactions.
+'''From the point of view of the Field''' (the absolute perspective), a Structure appears as a pattern of organization of the pre-temporal distributions of the pre-spatial elementary fluctuations of the Field itself — a scheme of correlation among the micro-dynamism of the point‑events of the Field. It is a Space‑time domain exhibiting the same Information, organized Action with a Form. In the unstructured Elementary Field — the absolute, by definition — no reference points exist. Reference points (relative, by definition) can only be provided by some form of structure, of organization of / in the Field, or by Forms understood as sets or networks of Structures. Thus, from the point of view of the Field, a Structure is always seen as an organizational pattern: forming, propagating, conserving, transforming, or disappearing — a pattern in the organization of the point‑distributions of the pre-spartial fluctuations of the Elementary Field, which, through organization, becomes the Space‑Time itself, the Metric. Moreover, observing a Structure from the absolute perspective, not as a point‑event but '''as a portion of the Field''' with non‑zero Space and Time extension, provides a close view of the dynamics of the Elementary Field underlying the dynamics of Particles, Waves, and their multiform Interactions.
-Observing a Structure from the '''relative perspective, from the point of view of the structure''' resting or moving in the Field, we will see a variation of the parameters of the same structure, or a changing in the same Information that forms the Structure, caused by the continuous interaction between the Action in the Field, with any Information that gives it a structure, and the Information of the considered Structure. For "any Information" we always intend some part of one or more Structures that include in their space time extension the considered portion of the Field.
+Observing a Structure from the '''relative perspective — from the point of view of the Structure itself''', resting or moving in the Field, we see variations in the parameters of the same Structure, or changes in the Information that forms it, caused by the continuous interaction between the spontaneous dynamism of the Field — manifesting as turbulence at various scales, any non‑structured or weakly structured organization of Action in the Field — and the Information of the Structure. By "any Information" I always mean some part of one or more Structures whose Space‑Time extension includes the considered portion of the Field.
-At the end, we can say that the '''continuous interaction between Action''' (Perturbation, Translation and Rotation) of the Field '''and Information''' (the pattern of organization of the correlations between P-T-R) of the Structure determines Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin and the dynamics of the Structure itself and, at the same time, modifies the Physical Quantities of the Field and, at the same time, the shape in Space, the permanence in Time and the Physical Quantities of the Structure.
+Ultimately, we can say that the '''continuous interaction between Action''' (Perturbation, Translation, and Rotation) of the Field '''and Information''' (the pattern of organization of the correlations between P‑T‑R) of the Structure determines the Fundamental Physical Quantities of the Structure (Mass, Motion, Charge, Spin), and the dynamics of the Structure itself. At the same time, it modifies the Physical Quantities of the Field (Potentials) and, simultaneously, the shape in Space of the Structure, its permanence in Time, and its Physical Quantities.
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 === Dynamics ===
-In the Process of Formation of Reality, the '''Dynamics of the InfoStructures ''' is that part of Evolutionary Dynamics that specifically describe the level of InfoStructures. It analyzes all the processes of the two main classes of structures, the Structures of Propagation (Waves) and the Structures of Conservation (Vortices), and the Interactions of the two that produce the (Mixed) Structures that compose the Material Forms, the states of matter, the objects of Physical Reality.
+In the Process of Formation of Reality, the '''Dynamics of the InfoStructures''' is the part of Evolutionary Dynamics that specifically describes the level of InfoStructures. It analyzes all the Processes involving the two main classes of Structures — the Structures of Propagation (Waves) and the Structures of Conservation (Vortices) — and the Interactions between them that produce the mixed Structures composing the Material Forms, the states of Matter, and the objects of Physical Reality.
-In the Process of Formation of Reality, the '''Dynamics of the InfoStructures''' is the part of Evolutionary Dynamics that specifically describes the level of InfoStructures. It analyzes all the processes involving the two main classes of Structures — the Structures of Propagation (Waves) and the Structures of Conservation (Vortices) — and the Interactions between them that produce the mixed Structures composing the Material Forms, the states of matter, and the objects of Physical Reality.
+The interaction between InfoStructures is the '''bridge toward Material Forms'''. More than the Properties of single Structures, it is the "collective behavior" — the emerging Properties of networks of Structures, belonging both to the same class and to different classes — that determines the Properties of Material Forms. Here we can think of the different states of Matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and various types of condensates), or of the different chemical elements that form increasingly complex molecules with increasingly remarkable Properties and Behaviors.
-The interaction between InfoStructures is the '''bridge toward Material Forms'''. More than the properties of the single structures, is the "collective behavior", the emerging properties of the dynamics of nets of Structures, at the same time belonging to the same class and to different classes, what determines the properties of Material Forms. Here we can thing to the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma and various types of condensates) to the different chemical elements that forms more and more complex molecules with increasingly amazing properties and behaviors.
+It is an iterative and nested process of co‑evolution between elementary and complex levels — between what exists and what can exist, '''the actual and the possible''' — involving all aspects of the Existence and the Essence / Form of Reality.
-−
-The interaction between InfoStructures is the '''bridge toward Material Forms'''. More than the properties of single Structures, it is the “collective behavior” — the emerging properties of networks of Structures, belonging both to the same class and to different classes — that determines the properties of Material Forms. Here we can think of the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and various types of condensates), or of the different chemical elements that form increasingly complex molecules with increasingly remarkable properties and behaviors.
-−
-−
-Looking at Reality at the most complex levels, all the Material Forms, like chemical, geological, organic, biological, cosmic structures, and the most complex forms made by the cognitive action of the Living Beings, show a '''vast and mutating net of properties emerging and incessantly evolving''' from the properties and the dynamics of the underling levels of the Structures that compose them. The properties and the dynamics of the elementary levels of Reality determine, entails, the emergence of the properties and the dynamics of the objects that populate the more complex levels, but in turn this evolution toward complexity enables the emergence of new and more complex properties and behaviors of the objects of the more elementary levels, incessantly opening '''new possibilities of further evolution''' toward new levels of organization of Reality.
-−
-At the most complex levels of Reality, all Material Forms — chemical, geological, organic, biological, cosmic structures, and the most complex forms produced by the cognitive action of Living Beings — display a '''vast and ever‑changing network of properties that emerge and incessantly evolve''' from the properties and dynamics of the underlying levels of the Structures that compose them. The properties and dynamics of the elementary levels of Reality determine, entail, the emergence of the properties and dynamics of the objects that populate the more complex levels; but in turn, this evolution toward complexity enables the emergence of new and more complex properties and behaviors in the objects of the more elementary levels, incessantly opening '''new possibilities for further evolution''' toward new levels of organization of Reality.
-−
-−
-It is an iterative and nested process of co-evolution of elementary and complex levels, of what exists and what can exist, the actual and the possible, which interests all the aspect of the Existence and the Essence / Form of Reality.
-−
 It is an iterative and nested process of co‑evolution between elementary and complex levels — between what exists and what can exist, the actual and the possible — involving all aspects of the Existence and the Essence / Form of Reality.
 === Observation ===

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 === Properties ===
-The properties of Physical Structures of Information essentially are '''characteristics (intensive or extensive) that can be observed / measured without changing the identity of the Structure''' (without transmuting the nature of the Structure of Information; said in terms of this model: without changing the Information, the Form of the Structure, crucially, such to modify the type of structure, e.g. measuring a property of an electron without transforming it into another particle, such as a quark). In other words, any information on the state and behavior of a Structure, or a kind of Structure.
+The Properties of Physical Structures of Information are essentially '''characteristics (intensive or extensive) that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the Structure''' — that is, without transmuting its nature. In the terms of this model: without altering the Information, the Form of the Structure, in a way that would modify its type (for example, measuring a property of an electron without transforming it into another particle, such as a quark). In other words, any information concerning the state and behavior of a Structure, or of a class of Structures.
-The properties of Physical Structures of Information are essentially '''characteristics (intensive or extensive) that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the Structure''' — that is, without transmuting its nature. In the terms of this model: without altering the Information, the Form of the Structure, in a way that would modify its type (for example, measuring a property of an electron without transforming it into another particle, such as a quark). In other words, any information concerning the state and behavior of a Structure, or of a class of Structures.
+In general, all Physical InfoStructures possess causal, spatial, and temporal extension. Other Properties relate to the shape of the Structure (its form in Space), to its dynamics (its form in Time), and to the ways in which it can interact with other Structures. Many additional Properties derive from the way in which a given Structure aggregates with other Forms.
-In general, we can say that all the Physical InfoStructures have causal, spatial and temporal extension. Other properties are related to the shape of the structure (the form in space), to its dynamics (the form in time) and to the ways in which it can interact with other structures. Many other properties derive from the way in which the single structure is aggregated with other forms.
+Among the '''derived Properties''', the main ones are linked to the physical quantities that directly arise from the Modes / Components of Elementary Action: '''Mass''', '''Motion''', '''Charge''', and '''Spin'''.
-In general, all Physical InfoStructures possess causal, spatial, and temporal extension. Other properties relate to the shape of the Structure (its form in space), to its dynamics (its form in time), and to the ways in which it can interact with other Structures. Many additional properties derive from the way in which a given Structure aggregates with other Forms.
+From these arise all '''other derived Properties''' that describe the Form and Behavior of the Structures and determine their Dynamics. For example, the '''other quantum numbers / properties''' and the '''other physical Properties''': thermodynamic, electric and magnetic, mechanical, optical, chemical, etc.
-−
-−
-Among the '''fundamental properties''', there are those that relate to the most fundamental aspects of Physical Reality, we can find the '''Causal extension (Complexity)''', the '''Spatial extension''' and the '''Temporal extension'''.
-−
-Among the '''fundamental properties''', those connected to the most elementary aspects of Physical Reality, we find '''Causal extension (Complexity)''', '''Spatial extension''', and '''Temporal extension'''.
-−
-−
-−
-Among the '''derived properties''', the main ones are linked to the physical quantities that directly derive from the Modes/Components of the Elementary Action: the '''Mass''', the '''Motion''', the '''Charge''' and the '''Spin'''
-−
-Among the '''derived properties''', the main ones are linked to the physical quantities that directly arise from the Modes / Components of Elementary Action: '''Mass''', '''Motion''', '''Charge''', and '''Spin'''.
-−
-−
-From these properties come all '''other derived properties''' that describe the Form and Behavior, and which determine the Dynamics of the Structures. For example, the '''other quantum numbers / properties''' and the '''other physical properties''': thermodynamic, electric and magnetic, mechanical, optical, chemical, etc. properties.
-−
-From these arise all '''other derived properties''' that describe the Form and Behavior of the Structures and determine their Dynamics. For example, the '''other quantum numbers / properties''' and the '''other physical properties''': thermodynamic, electric and magnetic, mechanical, optical, chemical, etc.
 === Dynamics ===

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 According to '''their nature and structure''', Physical InfoStructures can be grouped into two fundamental (pure) types and one mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:
 *'''Waves''': InfoStructures where the dynamic aspect predominates; they manifest as propagating configurations of organized Action. In mainstream physics they correspond to the carriers of (derived) forces. In this family, in the invisible / dark sector we find gravitational waves; in the visible / ordinary sector we find electromagnetic waves, together with their particle‑counterpart representation, the photon.
 *'''Vortices''' (massive Particles and dark halos): InfoStructures in which the conservative aspect predominates; their particular configuration of organized Action gives rise to the phenomenon of Mass. Structured Information that, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires a relatively stable and persistent form. Dark Matter halos — the invisible vortical structures that compose the cosmic web — belong to this family, as do elementary Particles (leptons and quarks) in the visible sector of Matter.

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 === Classification ===
-The Physical InfoStructures can be classified in mani different ways, according to their main aspects, their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produce, etc.
+Physical InfoStructures can be classified in many different ways, according to their main aspects: their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, or the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization and dynamics produces.
-−
 Physical InfoStructures can be classified in many different ways, according to their main aspects: their nature, origin, shape, structure and composition, behavior and dynamics, or the kind of Radiation and Matter their organization produces.
-−
-−
-According to '''their nature and structure''', the Physical InfoStructures can be classified in two fundamental / pure types and a mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:
 According to '''their nature and structure''', Physical InfoStructures can be grouped into two fundamental (pure) types and one mixed type produced by various kinds of physical interactions between them:
-*'''Waves''': they represent the dynamic structures able of carrying Information or, in terms of mainstream physics, vectors of (derived) forces. Here we find the gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), and their particle counterpart / representation, the photon,
+*'''Waves''': InfoStructures where the dynamic aspect predominates; they manifest as propagating configurations of organized Action. In mainstream physics they correspond to the carriers of (derived) forces. In this family, in the invisible / dark sector we find gravitational waves; in the visible / ordinary sector we find electromagnetic waves, together with their particle‑counterpart representation, the photon.
-*'''Vortices''' (massive particles): they represent the conservative structures, from whose fundamental nature the mass phenomenon derives. Structured information which, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires an (apparently) permanent form. Dark matter halos, the invisible structure of the cosmos, which make up the complex cosmic web, the dark side of the Universe. Elementary particles, including leptons and quarks, in the visible sector of Matter,
+*'''Vortices''' (massive Particles and dark halos): InfoStructures in which the conservative aspect predominates; their particular configuration of organized Action gives rise to the phenomenon of Mass. Structured Information that, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires a relatively stable and persistent form. Dark Matter halos — the invisible vortical structures that compose the cosmic web — belong to this family, as do elementary Particles (leptons and quarks) in the visible sector of Matter.
-*'''Interactions''': from the interaction of these pure type of Structures composite particles arise, which form most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles).
-−
-*'''Waves''': dynamic, non‑conservative InfoStructures that manifest as propagating configurations of organized Action. In mainstream physics they correspond to the carriers of (derived) forces. In this family we find gravitational waves (invisible / dark sector) and electromagnetic waves (visible / ordinary sector), together with their particle‑like representation, the photon.
-−
-*'''Vortices''' (massive particles): conservative InfoStructures whose particular configuration of organized Action gives rise to the phenomenon of mass. Structured Information that, due to its peculiar conformation, acquires a relatively stable and persistent form. Dark matter halos — the invisible vortical structures that compose the cosmic web — belong to this family, as do elementary particles (leptons and quarks) in the visible sector of Matter.
-−
 *'''Interactions''': composite InfoStructures produced by the interaction of the pure types. They include most of the particles that exist in nature or have been produced in colliders (hadrons: baryons such as protons and neutrons, mesons, and the weak and strong nuclear bosons such as gluons and W / Z particles).
 According to '''the kind of Radiation or Matter their organization produces''', we can classify them into:
+*'''Invisible Structures''', constituents of the invisible / Dark Matter
-*'''Invisible structures''', the constituents of the Invisible / Dark Matter
 **Gravitational Waves
-**Dark halos (the diffuse low-density structures that create the texture of the cosmos, the galactic bubbles, and the even larger ones that house immense clusters and the other large cosmic structures)
+** Dark halos (diffuse, low‑density Structures that create the texture of the cosmos: galactic bubbles and the even larger ones that host immense clusters and other cosmic structures)
-**Interactions (the dark turbulence and the various (sub-) structures of the cosmic web)
-*'''Visible structures''', the constituents of the Visible / Ordinary Matter
-**Electromagnetic Waves: one cycle waves / massless particles (photon)
-**Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks)
-**Interactions (hadrons: baryons, like protons and neutrons, and mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles, particles from whose interaction the atoms are formed and other particles that are created in high-energy phenomena / collisions)
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-−
-*'''Invisible structures''', constituents of Invisible / Dark Matter:
-** Gravitational Waves
-** Dark halos (diffuse, low‑density structures that create the texture of the cosmos: galactic bubbles and the even larger ones that host immense clusters and other cosmic structures)
 ** Interactions (dark turbulence and the various sub‑structures of the cosmic web)
+*'''Visible Structures''', constituents of visible / Ordinary Matter
-*'''Visible structures''', constituents of Visible / Ordinary Matter:
+**Electromagnetic Waves: one cycle Waves / massless particles (photon)
-** Electromagnetic Waves: one‑cycle waves / massless particles (photon)
+** Vortices / Particles: massive Particles (elementary Particles, including leptons and quarks)
-** Vortices / Particles: massive particles (elementary particles, including leptons and quarks)
+** Interactions (hadrons: baryons such as protons and neutrons, mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles — Particles whose interactions form atoms and other Particles created in high‑energy phenomena / collisions)
-** Interactions (hadrons: baryons such as protons and neutrons, mesons, weak and strong nuclear bosons like gluons and W / Z particles — particles whose interactions form atoms and other particles created in high‑energy phenomena / collisions)
 === Properties ===