TFNR - Molecules - Revision history

Paolo at 18:27, 4 July 2025

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Paolo at 17:16, 28 August 2023

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 Molecules are the '''constituent elements of compounds''', one of the fundamental objects of study in chemistry and molecular physics.
-'''The spatial extent of molecules can range from the very small size''' of the smallest, diatomic hydrogen (with a bond length of 0.74 × 10<sup>-10</sup> meters) '''to macroscopic sizes''' observed in molecules of many inorganic and organic polymers (such as proteins and DNA), which typically range in size between approximately 10<sup>-10</sup> and 10<sup>-9</sup> meters.
+'''The spatial extent of molecules can range from the very small size''' of the smallest, diatomic hydrogen (with a bond length of 0.74 x 10<sup>-10</sup> meters) '''to macroscopic sizes''' observed in molecules of many inorganic and organic polymers (such as proteins and DNA), which typically range in size between approximately 10<sup>-10</sup> and 10<sup>-9</sup> meters.
 As with atoms, the '''size and shape of molecules depend on the state and dynamics of the molecule and the state and dynamics of the molecular environment''' (including the compounds that the molecule forms part of). '''Properties of molecules can be intrinsic''', arising primarily from the interactions (bonds) and the collective behavior of the atoms (and consequently the atomic particles, nucleus, and electrons) composing them, '''or extrinsic''', resulting from the interactions and collective behavior of the molecules within the compound.

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 Molecules (including polyatomic ions) are '''aggregates of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds'''.
 They may be formed by '''atoms of the same species, or by different chemical elements'''.
 Atoms can be connected by '''different types of bonds''': covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, etc. In molecules, some electrons may be shared by two or more atoms, or they may be shared across several molecules, forming an electronic cloud that imparts particular properties to the compound (e.g., in metals).
 Molecules are the '''constituent elements of compounds''', one of the fundamental objects of study in chemistry and molecular physics.
 '''The spatial extent of molecules can range from the very small size''' of the smallest, diatomic hydrogen (with a bond length of 0.74 × 10<sup>-10</sup> meters) '''to macroscopic sizes''' observed in molecules of many inorganic and organic polymers (such as proteins and DNA), which typically range in size between approximately 10<sup>-10</sup> and 10<sup>-9</sup> meters.
 As with atoms, the '''size and shape of molecules depend on the state and dynamics of the molecule and the state and dynamics of the molecular environment''' (including the compounds that the molecule forms part of). '''Properties of molecules can be intrinsic''', arising primarily from the interactions (bonds) and the collective behavior of the atoms (and consequently the atomic particles, nucleus, and electrons) composing them, '''or extrinsic''', resulting from the interactions and collective behavior of the molecules within the compound.

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 Molecules (including polyatomic ions) are '''aggregates of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds'''.
 They may be formed by '''atoms of the same species, or by different chemical elements'''.
 Atoms can be connected by '''different types of bonds''': covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, etc. In molecules some electrons can be shared by tow or more atoms, or they can be shared by several molecules and become like an electronic cloud which gives particular properties to the compound (eg in metals).
 Molecules are the '''constituent elements of compounds''', one of the fundamental objects of study of chemistry and molecular physics.
 '''The spatial extent of molecules can range from the very little size''' of the smallest, diatomic hydrogen (with a bond length of 0.74 * 10<sup>-10</sup> meters) '''to the macroscopic sizes''' of molecules of many inorganic and organic polymers ((such as  proteins and DNA), in the order of about 10<sup>-10</sup> to 10<sup>-9</sup>.
 As with atoms, the '''size and shape of molecules depend on the state and dynamics of the molecule and the state and dynamics of the molecular environment''' (on the compounds of which the molecule take part). '''Properties of molecules can be intrinsic''', mainly due to the interactions with (bonds) and the collective behavior of the atoms (and in turn of the atomic particles, nucleus and electrons) that compose them, '''and extrinsic''', due to the interactions and collective behavior or the molecules in the compound.
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 They may be formed by '''atoms of the same species, or by different chemical elements'''.
-Atoms can be connected by '''different types of bonds''': covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, etc., .
+Atoms can be connected by '''different types of bonds''': covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, etc. In molecules some electrons can be shared by tow or more atoms, or they can be shared by several molecules and become like an electronic cloud which gives particular properties to the compound (eg in metals).
 Molecules are the '''constituent elements of compounds''', one of the fundamental objects of study of chemistry and molecular physics.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Molecules (including polyatomic ions) are '''aggregates of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds'''.
-They may be formed by '''atoms of the same kind, or of different chemical elements'''.
+They may be formed by '''atoms of the same species, or by different chemical elements'''.
-Atoms can be connected by '''different kind of bonds''': covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metal bonds, etc.- and complexes connected by non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are typically not considered single molecules.
+Atoms can be connected by '''different types of bonds''': covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, etc., .
-Molecules are the '''building blocks of compounds''', one of the fundamental objects of study of chemistry and molecular physics.
+Molecules are the '''constituent elements of compounds''', one of the fundamental objects of study of chemistry and molecular physics.
-'''Spatial extension of molecules can span from the very little size''' of the smaller one, the diatomic hydrogen (with a bond length of 0.74 * 10<sup>-10</sup> meters) '''to the macroscopic sizes''' of molecules of many inorganic and organic polymers (as proteins and DNA), in the order of around 10<sup>-10</sup> to 10<sup>-9</sup>.
+'''The spatial extent of molecules can range from the very little size''' of the smallest, diatomic hydrogen (with a bond length of 0.74 * 10<sup>-10</sup> meters) '''to the macroscopic sizes''' of molecules of many inorganic and organic polymers ((such as  proteins and DNA), in the order of about 10<sup>-10</sup> to 10<sup>-9</sup>.
-As for atoms, the '''size and shape of molecules depends on the state and dynamics of the molecule and the state and dynamics of the molecular environment''' (the compounds of which the molecule take part). '''Properties of molecules can be intrinsic''', mainly due to the interactions with (bonds) and the collective behavior of the atoms (and in turn of the atomic particles, nucleus and electrons) that compose them, '''and extrinsic''', due to the interactions with and the collective behavior or the molecules in the compound.
+As with atoms, the '''size and shape of molecules depend on the state and dynamics of the molecule and the state and dynamics of the molecular environment''' (on the compounds of which the molecule take part). '''Properties of molecules can be intrinsic''', mainly due to the interactions with (bonds) and the collective behavior of the atoms (and in turn of the atomic particles, nucleus and electrons) that compose them, '''and extrinsic''', due to the interactions and collective behavior or the molecules in the compound.
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 Da riscrivere
-A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.[4][5][6][7][8] In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the distinction from ions is dropped and molecule is often used when referring to polyatomic ions.
+A molecule is an aggregate of two or more atoms (including polyatomic ions) held together by chemical bonds.
-A molecule may be homonuclear, that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, e.g. two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O2); or it may be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, e.g. water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O). In the kinetic theory of gases, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition. This relaxes the requirement that a molecule contains two or more atoms, since the noble gases are individual atoms.[9] Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are typically not considered single molecules.[10]
+Molecules may be formed by atoms of same chemical element, or of different chemical elements. Molecules are the building blocks of compounds.
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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:16, 28 August 2023
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		+	Da riscrivere
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		+	A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.[4][5][6][7][8] In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the distinction from ions is dropped and molecule is often used when referring to polyatomic ions.
		+
		+	A molecule may be homonuclear, that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, e.g. two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O2); or it may be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, e.g. water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O). In the kinetic theory of gases, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition. This relaxes the requirement that a molecule contains two or more atoms, since the noble gases are individual atoms.[9] Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are typically not considered single molecules.[10]
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