TFNR - Mass and gravitational phenomena - Revision history

Paolo at 15:06, 31 July 2026

2026-07-31T15:06:11Z

Paolo: /* Phenomena and Dynamics */

2025-01-27T18:18:37Z

‎Phenomena and Dynamics

Paolo: /* Properties */

2025-01-27T18:16:06Z

‎Properties

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Paolo: /* In terms of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale */

2025-01-27T18:11:57Z

‎In terms of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale

Paolo at 18:08, 27 January 2025

2025-01-27T18:08:36Z

Paolo at 09:49, 26 January 2025

2025-01-26T09:49:43Z

Paolo at 09:48, 26 January 2025

2025-01-26T09:48:17Z

Paolo at 09:47, 26 January 2025

2025-01-26T09:47:21Z

Paolo at 09:46, 26 January 2025

2025-01-26T09:46:45Z

Paolo at 09:42, 26 January 2025

2025-01-26T09:42:49Z

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 *'''What is a law of gravitation?''': it is a relation between Perturbation and Translation (Metric/Mass and Motion). Or, in other word, an operator / equation that puts in relation Translation (Motion) with Perturbation (Metric/Mass). <br>The same thing, symmetrically, we will see in the next sections regarding electromagnetism. A law of electromagnetism is a relation between Rotation (Chirality and AxisOrientation) and Translation (Charge+Spin and Motion). Or, in other word, an operator / equation that puts in relation Translation (Motion) with Rotation (Chirality and AxisOrientation) (Charge+Spin). This represents a fundamental symmetry between the most elementary Components / Modes of Elementary Action, and the related phenomena (expressions of derived forces acting on the associated derived fields).
-*'''Attraction / Repulsion''': Attraction / Repulsion are the essence of gravitational phenomena. They are the phenomena associated with the presence of Masses (positive and negative). Attraction / Repulsion produce Motion (Propagation / Translation) of Structures with Mass (InfoStructures of the Vortex type). Normally we observe the phenomenon of attraction linked to the presence of Structures where the negative Mass (normal Mass) prevails. In classical physics, gravitational attraction (due to the presence of "heavy bodies", of Masses) is thought to be the work of a force that attracts two or more massive bodies, one towards the other. <br>In Relativity, this concept has been replaced by the effects of the deformation / curvature of spacetime produced by massive bodies (bodies with mass and light "slide" in such deformations following trajectories of smaller space-time distance). In the system of knowledge that we are trying to illustrate, the Masses and the deformation of the Metric are the same thing. <br>The particular, as we have seen, is Time that is curved, not Space whose curvature manifests itself only at infinitesimal scales that do not influence in the least the geometry of Spacetime at the dimensions of the particles and higher ones up to the Universe as a whole, which is absolutely flat from a spatial point of view. Not surprisingly, as described by the principle of least time, the trajectory followed by a ray of light between two given points is the trajectory that can be traveled in the least time. <br>Curvature of time and flatness of space translates into a non-constancy of the speed of propagation of the Causality, Action, Information, Structures, speed of light in common terms. The flow of Time (and therefore the Metric) and consequently the speed of propagation of Causality (and therefore the elementary Dynamics), at each point of the Elementary Field, at each instant, are a function of a process that is partly stochastic (indeterminacy inherent in the elementary fluctuations that constitute the spontaneous chaotic dynamics "of" the Elementary Field at very small scales, around the Planck scale and lower -> stochastic independence of the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations) and partly deterministic (presence of some degree of organization in such elementary fluctuations, organization that represents the presence of Information Structures "in" the Field -> correlation of the distributions). Gravitational attraction and repulsion are determined by the emergence of some degree of correlation in the directions of the distributions of the fluctuations. <br>Such (re-)orientation of the fluctuations constitutes "a reaction of the Elementary Field" to the spatial inhomogeneities of the distributions of the fluctuations corresponding to the presence in the Field of Structures with Mass, InfoStructures of the Dark or Visible Vortex type). To put it in other more picturesque, but still conceptually correct terms, it is as if the Field tended to restore the homogeneity of the distributions of its fluctuations, reorienting them in a direction that can eliminate / reduce such inhomogeneities in the shortest possible Time, with the least possible Action. <br>Or even better, we can imagine the Field and its fluctuations as a temperature field, which with internal motions tends to thermodynamic equilibrium by canceling the present gradients (here we do not have motions and impacts of molecules, but the same fluctuations of the spatial distances of the Elementary Field at the smallest scales, the elementary turbulence). <br>And in even more daring, but also more essential terms, we could say that time tends to flow at the same universal average rhythm, and if a process alters this homogeneity, a reaction tends to restore it, transferring "temporal rhythm" from one portion of the Field to another more or less contiguous, with a process of propagation in the continuum, which is very reminiscent of the propagation of heat. <br>Let us remember that, as expressed by the Principle of General Equivalence, density of Elementary Events (Perturbation), speed of propagation of Causality, temporal curvature and temperature of the Elementary Field are the same thing. Different ways of representing the same Mode / Component of the Elementary Action (Perturbation), the same phenomenon, the same concepts.
+*'''Attraction / Repulsion''': Attraction / Repulsion are the essence of gravitational phenomena. They are the phenomena associated with the presence of Masses (positive and negative). Attraction / Repulsion produce Motion (Propagation / Translation) of Structures with Mass (InfoStructures of the Vortex type). Normally we observe the phenomenon of attraction linked to the presence of Structures where the negative Mass (normal Mass) prevails. In classical physics, gravitational attraction (due to the presence of "heavy bodies", of Masses) is thought to be the work of a force that attracts two or more massive bodies, one towards the other. <br>In Relativity, this concept has been replaced by the effects of the deformation / curvature of spacetime produced by massive bodies (bodies with mass and light "slide" in such deformations following trajectories of smaller space-time distance). In the system of knowledge that we are trying to illustrate, the Masses and the deformation of the Metric are the same thing. <br>The particular, as we have seen, is Time that is curved, not Space whose curvature manifests itself only at infinitesimal scales that do not influence in the least the geometry of Spacetime at the dimensions of the particles and higher ones up to the Universe as a whole, which is absolutely flat from a spatial point of view. Not surprisingly, as described by the principle of least time, the trajectory followed by a ray of light between two given points is the trajectory that can be traveled in the least time. <br>Curvature of time and flatness of space translates into a non-constancy of the speed of propagation of the Causality, Action, Information, Structures, speed of light in common terms. The flow of Time (and therefore the Metric) and consequently the speed of propagation of Causality (and therefore the elementary Dynamics), at each point of the Elementary Field, at each instant, are a function of a process that is partly stochastic (indeterminacy inherent in the elementary fluctuations that constitute the spontaneous chaotic dynamics "of" the Elementary Field at very small scales, around the Planck scale and lower -> stochastic independence of the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations) and partly deterministic (presence of some degree of organization in such elementary fluctuations, organization that represents the presence of Information Structures "in" the Field -> correlation of the distributions). Gravitational attraction and repulsion are determined by the emergence of some degree of correlation in the directions of the distributions of the fluctuations. <br>Such (re-)orientation of the fluctuations constitutes "a reaction of the Elementary Field" to the spatial inhomogeneities of the distributions of the fluctuations corresponding to the presence in the Field of Structures with Mass, InfoStructures of the Dark or Visible Vortex type). To put it in other more picturesque, but still conceptually correct terms, it is as if the Field tended to restore the homogeneity of the distributions of its fluctuations, reorienting them in a direction that can eliminate / reduce such inhomogeneities in the shortest possible Time, with the least possible Action. <br>Or even better, we can imagine the Field and its fluctuations as a temperature field, which with internal motions tends to thermodynamic equilibrium by canceling the present gradients (here we do not have motions and impacts of molecules, but the same fluctuations of the spatial distances of the Elementary Field at the smallest scales, the elementary turbulence). <br>And in even more daring, but also more essential terms, we could say that time tends to flow at the same universal average rhythm, and if a process alters this homogeneity, a reaction tends to restore it, transferring "temporal rhythm" from one portion of the Field to another more or less contiguous, with a process of propagation in the continuum, which is very reminiscent of the propagation of heat. <br>Let us remember that, as expressed by the Principle of General Equivalence, density of Elementary Events (Perturbation), speed of propagation of Causality, temporal curvature and temperature of the Elementary Field are the same thing. Different ways of representing the same Mode / Component of the Elementary Action (Perturbation), the same phenomenon, the same concepts. <br> '''In summary''': in this model, gravity is not a traditional force acting at a distance. It is a local expression of the Field's organization: Vortex‑type InfoStructures (those endowed with Mass) generate a correlation of Perturbation, which corresponds to a local slowing of the time‑flow rate and appears as a curvature of the Metric. This curvature does not directly move InfoStructures; rather, its spatial gradient produces a correlation of Translation (acceleration), which is the actual dynamical cause of Motion. Gravity, like electric and magnetic interactions, is therefore mediated by geometric patterns of the Elementary Field, not by forces acting at a distance.
 *'''Propagation''': of the propagation of Causality, Action, Information, InfoStructures, Forms in the structured / non-homogeneous Field due to the presence of massive InfoStructures we will talk about in the next section dedicated to "Motion and kinetic phenomena". Here we only say that, as mentioned above, the spatial non-homogeneity of the distribution of the Elementary Action in the Perturbation component (positive and negative Mass) causes a reaction by the Field towards the restoration of homogeneity that determines the reorientation of the elementary fluctuations in the direction of the center of mass of the system of massive InfoStructures present, which translates into non-zero values (except in the center of mass itself) of positive (attractive) or negative (repulsive) acceleration in each point of the Elementary Field = presence of Translation.

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 '''The gravitational phenomena are deeply intertwined with the kinetic ones''', so it will be worth a unitarian treating.
-*'''What is a law of gravitation?''': it is a relation between Perturbation and Translation (Metric/Mass and Motion). Or, in other word, an operator / equation that puts in relation Translation (Motion) with Perturbation (Metric/Mass). The same thing, symmetrically, we will see in the next sections regarding electromagnetism. A law of electromagnetism is a relation between Rotation (Chirality and AxisOrientation) and Translation (Charge+Spin and Motion). Or, in other word, an operator / equation that puts in relation Translation (Motion) with Rotation (Chirality and AxisOrientation) (Charge+Spin). This represents a fundamental symmetry between the most elementary Components / Modes of Elementary Action, and the related phenomena (expressions of derived forces acting on the associated derived fields).
+*'''What is a law of gravitation?''': it is a relation between Perturbation and Translation (Metric/Mass and Motion). Or, in other word, an operator / equation that puts in relation Translation (Motion) with Perturbation (Metric/Mass). <br>The same thing, symmetrically, we will see in the next sections regarding electromagnetism. A law of electromagnetism is a relation between Rotation (Chirality and AxisOrientation) and Translation (Charge+Spin and Motion). Or, in other word, an operator / equation that puts in relation Translation (Motion) with Rotation (Chirality and AxisOrientation) (Charge+Spin). This represents a fundamental symmetry between the most elementary Components / Modes of Elementary Action, and the related phenomena (expressions of derived forces acting on the associated derived fields).
-*'''Attraction / Repulsion''': Attraction / Repulsion are the essence of gravitational phenomena. They are the phenomena associated with the presence of Masses (positive and negative). Attraction / Repulsion produce Motion (Propagation / Translation) of Structures with Mass (InfoStructures of the Vortex type). Normally we observe the phenomenon of attraction linked to the presence of Structures where the negative Mass (normal Mass) prevails. In classical physics, gravitational attraction (due to the presence of "heavy bodies", of Masses) is thought to be the work of a force that attracts two or more massive bodies, one towards the other. In Relativity, this concept has been replaced by the effects of the deformation / curvature of spacetime produced by massive bodies (bodies with mass and light "slide" in such deformations following trajectories of smaller space-time distance). In the system of knowledge that we are trying to illustrate, the Masses and the deformation of the Metric are the same thing. The particular, as we have seen, is Time that is curved, not Space whose curvature manifests itself only at infinitesimal scales that do not influence in the least the geometry of Spacetime at the dimensions of the particles and higher ones up to the Universe as a whole, which is absolutely flat from a spatial point of view. Not surprisingly, as described by the principle of least time, the trajectory followed by a ray of light between two given points is the trajectory that can be traveled in the least time. Curvature of time and flatness of space translates into a non-constancy of the speed of propagation of the Causality, Action, Information, Structures, speed of light in common terms. The flow of Time (and therefore the Metric) and consequently the speed of propagation of Causality (and therefore the elementary Dynamics), at each point of the Elementary Field, at each instant, are a function of a process that is partly stochastic (indeterminacy inherent in the elementary fluctuations that constitute the spontaneous chaotic dynamics "of" the Elementary Field at very small scales, around the Planck scale and lower -> stochastic independence of the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations) and partly deterministic (presence of some degree of organization in such elementary fluctuations, organization that represents the presence of Information Structures "in" the Field -> correlation of the distributions). Gravitational attraction and repulsion are determined by the emergence of some degree of correlation in the directions of the distributions of the fluctuations. Such (re-)orientation of the fluctuations constitutes "a reaction of the Elementary Field" to the spatial inhomogeneities of the distributions of the fluctuations corresponding to the presence in the Field of Structures with Mass, InfoStructures of the Dark or Visible Vortex type). To put it in other more picturesque, but still conceptually correct terms, it is as if the Field tended to restore the homogeneity of the distributions of its fluctuations, reorienting them in a direction that can eliminate / reduce such inhomogeneities in the shortest possible Time, with the least possible Action. Or even better, we can imagine the Field and its fluctuations as a temperature field, which with internal motions tends to thermodynamic equilibrium by canceling the present gradients (here we do not have motions and impacts of molecules, but the same fluctuations of the spatial distances of the Elementary Field at the smallest scales, the elementary turbulence). And in even more daring, but also more essential terms, we could say that time tends to flow at the same universal average rhythm, and if a process alters this homogeneity, a reaction tends to restore it, transferring "temporal rhythm" from one portion of the Field to another more or less contiguous, with a process of propagation in the continuum, which is very reminiscent of the propagation of heat. Let us remember that, as expressed by the Principle of General Equivalence, density of Elementary Events (Perturbation), speed of propagation of Causality, temporal curvature and temperature of the Elementary Field are the same thing. Different ways of representing the same Mode / Component of the Elementary Action (Perturbation), the same phenomenon, the same concepts.
+*'''Attraction / Repulsion''': Attraction / Repulsion are the essence of gravitational phenomena. They are the phenomena associated with the presence of Masses (positive and negative). Attraction / Repulsion produce Motion (Propagation / Translation) of Structures with Mass (InfoStructures of the Vortex type). Normally we observe the phenomenon of attraction linked to the presence of Structures where the negative Mass (normal Mass) prevails. In classical physics, gravitational attraction (due to the presence of "heavy bodies", of Masses) is thought to be the work of a force that attracts two or more massive bodies, one towards the other. <br>In Relativity, this concept has been replaced by the effects of the deformation / curvature of spacetime produced by massive bodies (bodies with mass and light "slide" in such deformations following trajectories of smaller space-time distance). In the system of knowledge that we are trying to illustrate, the Masses and the deformation of the Metric are the same thing. <br>The particular, as we have seen, is Time that is curved, not Space whose curvature manifests itself only at infinitesimal scales that do not influence in the least the geometry of Spacetime at the dimensions of the particles and higher ones up to the Universe as a whole, which is absolutely flat from a spatial point of view. Not surprisingly, as described by the principle of least time, the trajectory followed by a ray of light between two given points is the trajectory that can be traveled in the least time. <br>Curvature of time and flatness of space translates into a non-constancy of the speed of propagation of the Causality, Action, Information, Structures, speed of light in common terms. The flow of Time (and therefore the Metric) and consequently the speed of propagation of Causality (and therefore the elementary Dynamics), at each point of the Elementary Field, at each instant, are a function of a process that is partly stochastic (indeterminacy inherent in the elementary fluctuations that constitute the spontaneous chaotic dynamics "of" the Elementary Field at very small scales, around the Planck scale and lower -> stochastic independence of the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations) and partly deterministic (presence of some degree of organization in such elementary fluctuations, organization that represents the presence of Information Structures "in" the Field -> correlation of the distributions). Gravitational attraction and repulsion are determined by the emergence of some degree of correlation in the directions of the distributions of the fluctuations. <br>Such (re-)orientation of the fluctuations constitutes "a reaction of the Elementary Field" to the spatial inhomogeneities of the distributions of the fluctuations corresponding to the presence in the Field of Structures with Mass, InfoStructures of the Dark or Visible Vortex type). To put it in other more picturesque, but still conceptually correct terms, it is as if the Field tended to restore the homogeneity of the distributions of its fluctuations, reorienting them in a direction that can eliminate / reduce such inhomogeneities in the shortest possible Time, with the least possible Action. <br>Or even better, we can imagine the Field and its fluctuations as a temperature field, which with internal motions tends to thermodynamic equilibrium by canceling the present gradients (here we do not have motions and impacts of molecules, but the same fluctuations of the spatial distances of the Elementary Field at the smallest scales, the elementary turbulence). <br>And in even more daring, but also more essential terms, we could say that time tends to flow at the same universal average rhythm, and if a process alters this homogeneity, a reaction tends to restore it, transferring "temporal rhythm" from one portion of the Field to another more or less contiguous, with a process of propagation in the continuum, which is very reminiscent of the propagation of heat. <br>Let us remember that, as expressed by the Principle of General Equivalence, density of Elementary Events (Perturbation), speed of propagation of Causality, temporal curvature and temperature of the Elementary Field are the same thing. Different ways of representing the same Mode / Component of the Elementary Action (Perturbation), the same phenomenon, the same concepts.
 *'''Propagation''': of the propagation of Causality, Action, Information, InfoStructures, Forms in the structured / non-homogeneous Field due to the presence of massive InfoStructures we will talk about in the next section dedicated to "Motion and kinetic phenomena". Here we only say that, as mentioned above, the spatial non-homogeneity of the distribution of the Elementary Action in the Perturbation component (positive and negative Mass) causes a reaction by the Field towards the restoration of homogeneity that determines the reorientation of the elementary fluctuations in the direction of the center of mass of the system of massive InfoStructures present, which translates into non-zero values (except in the center of mass itself) of positive (attractive) or negative (repulsive) acceleration in each point of the Elementary Field = presence of Translation.
-*'''Time dilation''': is a phenomenon that can be produced both by the presence of Mass (time dilation in the case of negative Mass, ordinary Mass, and time contraction for positive Mass, which we call Dark Energy), a manifestation of Perturbation, and by Motion, when the speed approaches the point-by-point limit allowed by the dynamics of the Elementary Field, a manifestation of Translation. The two phenomena, time dilation due to the presence of negative Mass and time dilation due to Motion at relativistic speeds have different natures, even if they appear somewhat similar. In the first case, it is the manifestation of the nature of Mass itself, which as seen consists of a density of Elementary Events lower than the universal average or the average of a larger portion of the Field that includes the point, the Structure or the Form that experiences the time dilation. In the second case, it is a time dilation that does not directly concern a portion of the Field in which an InfoStructure is propagating and that experiences a time dilation not linked to its state of motion. The dilation in this case directly concerns the InfoStructure or the Form in motion and only indirectly the portion of the field that supports it from time to time. The increase in propagation speed (of the Translation) produces an increase in the Mass of the InfoStructure, or of the InfoStructures that constitute the Form in relativistic propagation. As we will see better, the increase in Mass is, at the same time, a decrease in the rate of temporal flow, which translates into a greater life time or life span / duration of the InfoStructure.
+*'''Time dilation''': is a phenomenon that can be produced both by the presence of Mass (time dilation in the case of negative Mass, ordinary Mass, and time contraction for positive Mass, which we call Dark Energy), a manifestation of Perturbation, and by Motion, when the speed approaches the point-by-point limit allowed by the dynamics of the Elementary Field, a manifestation of Translation. The two phenomena, time dilation due to the presence of negative Mass and time dilation due to Motion at relativistic speeds have different natures, even if they appear somewhat similar. <br>In the first case, it is the manifestation of the nature of Mass itself, which as seen consists of a density of Elementary Events lower than the universal average or the average of a larger portion of the Field that includes the point, the Structure or the Form that experiences the time dilation. <br>In the second case, it is a time dilation that does not directly concern a portion of the Field in which an InfoStructure is propagating and that experiences a time dilation not linked to its state of motion. The dilation in this case directly concerns the InfoStructure or the Form in motion and only indirectly the portion of the field that supports it from time to time. The increase in propagation speed (of the Translation) produces an increase in the Mass of the InfoStructure, or of the InfoStructures that constitute the Form in relativistic propagation. As we will see better, the increase in Mass is, at the same time, a decrease in the rate of temporal flow, which translates into a greater life time or life span / duration of the InfoStructure.
 *'''Contraction of lenghts''': we will also see that the temporal dilation represented by the increase in Mass (Perturbation) is associated with a spatial contraction of the Structure for an effect comparable to that produced on a rotating body by the increase in rotation speed (classic example of the skater who brings her arms to her chest increasing the rotation speed on herself, which obviously, in a symmetrical way, is also true in reverse).
 == See also ==

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 === In terms of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale ===
-Organization of the correlation of Perturbation... In the terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Field and the Components of Elementary Action, this means that Mass (positive and negative) is the manifestation, the product of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations resonating around the Planck scale of each point event of Elementary Field.
+Organization of the correlation of Perturbation... In the terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Field and the Components of Elementary Action, this means that '''Mass (positive and negative) is the manifestation, the product of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations resonating around the Planck scale of each point event of Elementary Field'''.
-If the distributions in each point event or the considered portion of the Elementary Field are equal, we will see no Mass, no massive Dark and Visible InfoStructures, no Matter, no GW Radiation, and therefore a flat Space-time, in a state of Emptyness.
+'''If the distributions in each point event or the considered portion of the Elementary Field are "equal"''', '''we will see no Mass''', no massive Dark and Visible InfoStructures, no Matter, no GW Radiation, and therefore a flat Space-time, in a state of Emptiness.
-If the distributions in each point event or the considered portion of the Elementary Field are different, whether gradients are present in the distributions, we will see Mass, in addition to the ubiquitous Elementary Energy produced by the spontaneous dynamics of the Elementary Field (concept assimilable to the zero point energy of quantum vacuum).
+'''If the distributions in each point event or the considered portion of the Elementary Field are "different"''', whether gradients are present in the distributions, '''we will see Mass''', in addition to the ubiquitous Elementary Energy produced by the spontaneous dynamics of the Elementary Field (concept assimilable to the zero point energy of quantum vacuum).
 Let's repeat what was already said in the previous section regarding the two aspects of the Mass:
-*Positive Mass (Positive Perturbation Mass): Perturbation value greater than the universal or local average value of the portion of the Elementary Field considered, what is commonly called Dark Energy, which exerts repulsive gravitational force, or
+*'''Positive Mass (Positive Perturbation Mass)''': Perturbation value greater than the universal or local average value of the portion of the Elementary Field considered, what is commonly called Dark Energy, which exerts repulsive gravitational force, or
-*Negative Mass (Negative Perturbation Mass): Perturbation value lower than the universal or local average value of the portion of the Elementary Field considered, what is commonly called Mass of Dark and Visible Matter, which exerts an attractive gravitational force.
+*'''Negative Mass (Negative Perturbation Mass)''': Perturbation value lower than the universal or local average value of the portion of the Elementary Field considered, what is commonly called Mass of Dark and Visible Matter, which exerts an attractive gravitational force.
 '''Positive / Negative is obviously a convention'''. We speak of "Negative Mass" referring to the normal Mass we are used to thinking about, the Mass that attracts other Mass, even if it may seem counterintuitive, for homogeneity with the expression "Negative curvature" Metric that corresponds to the presence of Mass. And of "Positive Mass", associated with the concept of "Positive curvature" Metric, relative to Dark Energy, a repulsive entity supposedly responsible for the phenomenon of cosmic expansion.
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 **Perturbation value greater than the universal or local average value of the portion of the Elementary Field considered, what is commonly called Dark Energy, which exerts repulsive gravitational force
-For the principle of general Equivalence, this is equivalent to values higher or lower than the average value of: *density of Elementary Events,
+For the principle of general Equivalence, this is equivalent to values higher or lower than the average value of:
 *temperature of the Elementary Field,
 *speed of propagation of Causality, Action, Information / Energy (normally called speed of light in the vacuum).

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 __NOTOC__
-=== What we mean by Mass and gravitational phenomena ===
+=== What I mean by Mass and gravitational phenomena ===
 '''"Mass and gravitational phenomena" is perfectly equivalent to "Space-time and metric phenomena"''', because Space-time deformation / inhomogeneity is Mass. When (as with Relativity) we say that Mass (Matter) is the source / cause of the curvature of space-time, we are telling an almost truth. Or an almost falsehood, it depends on our individual psychological profile... forgive the joke... Seriously, in this system of knowledge we have hypothesized (and justified) that Mass / Dark Energy and curvature of space-time are the same thing.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-=== What we intend for Mass and gravitational phenomena ===
+=== What we mean by Mass and gravitational phenomena ===
 '''"Mass and gravitational phenomena" is perfectly equivalent to "Space-time and metric phenomena"''', because Space-time deformation / inhomogeneity is Mass. When (as with Relativity) we say that Mass (Matter) is the source / cause of the curvature of space-time, we are telling an almost truth. Or an almost falsehood, it depends on our individual psychological profile... forgive the joke... Seriously, in this system of knowledge we have hypothesized (and justified) that Mass / Dark Energy and curvature of space-time are the same thing.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-'''What we intend for Mass and gravitational phenomena'''
+=== What we intend for Mass and gravitational phenomena ===
 '''"Mass and gravitational phenomena" is perfectly equivalent to "Space-time and metric phenomena"''', because Space-time deformation / inhomogeneity is Mass. When (as with Relativity) we say that Mass (Matter) is the source / cause of the curvature of space-time, we are telling an almost truth. Or an almost falsehood, it depends on our individual psychological profile... forgive the joke... Seriously, in this system of knowledge we have hypothesized (and justified) that Mass / Dark Energy and curvature of space-time are the same thing.
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 Regarding the equivalences between Perturbation, density of Elementary Events, curvature of Space-time, Mass, temperature of the Elementary Field, speed of propagation of causality, etc. please refer to what has already been detailed in the previous section fucesed on Space-time.
 === In terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes ===
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 As Space-time, Mass is '''not an entity, something that exists in itself, fixed, immutable, absolute'''. It's not a Force, it's not a Field.''' It is a Phenomenon, something that happens''', the manifestation of the Action of the Fundamental Force on the Elementary Field. A particular view on a fundamental phenomenon that incessantly creates the most elementary form of Existence, Elementary Action, the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale.
 As with everything that exists, for the entire Reality, also '''Mass can be defined as a Process''', a network of Events produced by Entities, organized by Relations.
 === In terms of Source (Force - Field), Action, Information, Form ===
 In other words, Mass is one of the (dynamic) Forms (organizations) that the Elementary Field assumes under the Action of the Fundamental Force. A Form that manifests itself if we observe the dynamics of the Elementary Field in the Mode / Component of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation, which supports what we could call Space-time Information / Energy.
 === In the unstructured Field (from the point of the Elementary Field and its dynamics) ===
 Mass exists as a manifestation of the spontaneous dynamics of the Elementary Field, even without the presence of InfoStructures. In temporal distributoins of the spatial fluctuations around the Planck scale and even lower, the natural turbulence of the Field is divided into positive and negative Perturbation. The small portions of the Field that manifest Mass and Dark Energy incessantly form and disappear, keeping the Space-time flat and the total portion equal to Mass zero.
 === In the structured Field (from the point of view of InfoStructures in the Elementary Field, and their dynamics) ===
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 - INCLUDE IMAGE - POT AND EFF ENERGY - MASS -
 === Properties ===
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 **'''Variability of Mass of an InfoStructure due to Motion''': a similiar relativity of Mass of a Vortex InfoStructure (for example, a particle of Visible Matter, for dark halos the effect is very limited, due to their low density) manifests itself due to its Motion. Here, causes and dynamics are absolutely different. As we will see better in the next section, Motion is due to the presence of correlations between Translation in the event points of the region of the Field that at each instant supports the Vortex InfoStructure under observation. Such correlation, so to speak, subtracts (reorients) Translation related to the maintenance of the vortex shape, which reacts by contracting. Simultaneously with the increase of the Motion velocities, the Translation available for the maintenance of the vortex shape on the side of the Vortex with Translation (direction of the elementary fluctuations) contrary to the direction of the Motion of the InfoStructure decreases, inducing a contraction, while on the opposite side of the Vortex the Translation of the Motion of the Structure is added to that available for the preservation of the vortex shape. The result is a contraction of the extension of the vortex shape and an angular acceleration that increases the torsion in the same direction, with further contraction. These effects translate into an increase in the Mass of the Structure and its density (the volume of Space - the region of the Field - that hosts the Vortex having been reduced). Much more complex and extensive effects are obtained by accelerating a composite Vortex InfoStructure (e.g. a proton, a neutron, any particle composed of quarks), due to the composite shape and especially the very intense internal and external turbulence. The dependence of the Mass, density and spatial and temporal shape / extension (average lifespan) of the Vortices (especially those of Visible Matter, the Particles, where the effects are extremely more intense than those relating to the Structures of Dark Matter, Halos), in association with the finiteness of the speed of propagation of Causality / Action / Information in the Field, means that such Structures, in addition to not being able to be accelerated to superluminal speeds, require increasingly higher quantities of Force / Action / Energy to be able to be brought to ever increasing speeds (relativistic relationship between energy and momentum).
 **'''Intangibility of InfoStructures under density conditions''': root of the principle of exclusion for Stuctures with the same or similar Mass density. the specific shape we have outlined for Vortex Structures, with an internal region of negative Perturbation (and therefore Mass and negative density of Mass, the "common" Mass), surrounded by a virtually infinite region characterized by positive Perturbation (and therefore Mass and positive density -> Dark Energy). The peripheral region, which in free field tends to distribute its Perturbation over increasingly larger regions and therefore to have minimal densities of positive Mass, in case of compression, i.e. approaching of more Structures with comparable density (e.g. more electrons in an atom, or more galactic halos in a cluster), especially in the sub-region most affected by compression, will tend to reach increasingly higher Perturbation / positive Mass (DE) densities as the compression increases due to the mutual approach of the Structures. The overlapping of the external regions, with their increasing density of positive Mass, requires ever greater Force / Action / Energy, exerted by the phenomenon that produces the compression (in the case of an atom, the electrical attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons). Until the equilibrium between the external and internal / structural forces is reached (dynamic equilibrium, as the internal environment of the atom and the external one, due to thermal fluctuations, and electromagnetic radiation of various wavelengths, mechanical stresses, and the ever-present contribution of turbulence and indeterminacy of the Elementary Field, quantum vacuum, virtual particles, etc.). This dynamic adaptation of the macrostructure (the atom) and of the Structures that are part of it (electrons and nucleus), which leads to a more or less stable equilibrium, depends greatly on this phenomenon of overlapping of the external regions of the vortical, elementary and composite structures. The same thing in the beginning, although with different and peculiar forms and dynamics, happens to atomic nuclei, molecules, galaxies, clusters, superclusters, the Universe in its entirety. Equilibrium and disequilibrium, indeterminacy, chaos and turmoil on one side, order, organization on the other, everything evolves in more or less stable dynamic states, within micro and macro Processes of Elementary Action, incessantly produced by the internal interaction between Fundamental Force and Elementary Field, the manifestation of the Primary Source of Reality.
 === Phenomena and Dynamics ===

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	'''What we intend for Mass and gravitational phenomena'''		'''What we intend for Mass and gravitational phenomena'''

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 What is the most relevant thing we can mention about the water flowing in the sink from the tap to the drain? '''Its motion towards the drain'''. '''Divergence, or rather, negative divergence, convergence in other words'''. The gradient produces a divergence. And this is precisely the way in which Action manifests itself in the presence of a Mass and the connected gravitational phenomenon (attraction). In terms of the Elementary Action of its Modes/Components, we can say that the key to Mass is Perturbation (gradient in terms of vector operators), and '''the key to gravity is Translation (divergence), the root of "Motion and Kinetic Phenomena"''', which we will see in the next section. Mass and its positive Perturbation counterpart, Dark Energy, produce Motion, acceleration, variation of inertia of an InfoStructure in the Field.
-== In terms of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale ==
+=== In terms of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale ===
 Organization of the correlation of Perturbation... In the terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Field and the Components of Elementary Action, this means that Mass (positive and negative) is the manifestation, the product of the correlations between the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations resonating around the Planck scale of each point event of Elementary Field.
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-'''In terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes'''
+=== In terms of Entities, Events, Relations and Processes ===
 As Space-time, Mass is '''not an entity, something that exists in itself, fixed, immutable, absolute'''. It's not a Force, it's not a Field.''' It is a Phenomenon, something that happens''', the manifestation of the Action of the Fundamental Force on the Elementary Field. A particular view on a fundamental phenomenon that incessantly creates the most elementary form of Existence, Elementary Action, the spatial elementary fluctuations of the Elementary Field resonating around the Planck scale.
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-'''In terms of Source (Force - Field), Action, Information, Form'''
+=== In terms of Source (Force - Field), Action, Information, Form ===
 In other words, Mass is one of the (dynamic) Forms (organizations) that the Elementary Field assumes under the Action of the Fundamental Force. A Form that manifests itself if we observe the dynamics of the Elementary Field in the Mode / Component of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation, which supports what we could call Space-time Information / Energy.
-'''In the unstructured Field (from the point of the Elementary Field and its dynamics)'''
+=== In the unstructured Field (from the point of the Elementary Field and its dynamics) ===
 Mass exists as a manifestation of the spontaneous dynamics of the Elementary Field, even without the presence of InfoStructures. In temporal distributoins of the spatial fluctuations around the Planck scale and even lower, the natural turbulence of the Field is divided into positive and negative Perturbation. The small portions of the Field that manifest Mass and Dark Energy incessantly form and disappear, keeping the Space-time flat and the total portion equal to Mass zero.
-'''In the structured Field (from the point of view of InfoStructures in the Elementary Field, and their dynamics)'''
+=== In the structured Field (from the point of view of InfoStructures in the Elementary Field, and their dynamics) ===
 Here too, we refer to what is expressed in the corresponding point of the section relating to "Space-time (curvature) and metric phenomena", to be read by focusing attention on Mass from the perspective of the Structures of Information.
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-'''Properties'''
+=== Properties ===
 Mass, like Space-time, is an '''emergent phenomenon produced by the dynamics of the Elementary Field''', by the spatial relations (correlations) of the temporal distributions of the elementary spatial fluctuations. Mass must also be seen as a Derived Field, as a physical quantity, such as Motion, Charge, etc. And like all the Derived Fields (specific views of the Elementary Field) and the physical quantities that arise from their peculiar Phenomena (the physical quantities that characterize the Derived Fields and the InfoStructures that can be observed and measured in them) '''it can only be observed, measured in a relative sense'''.
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-'''Phenomena and Dynamics'''
+=== Phenomena and Dynamics ===
 The phenomena and dynamics of bodies with Mass '''are among the most observed and studied natural phenomena''' both in traditional knowledge systems and by modern science, especially because of the macroscopic dimension of the effects produced both on the human world and on celestial motions.