TFNR - Cosmic megastructures - Revision history

Paolo: /* Voids and Giant voids */

2026-03-09T15:43:24Z

‎Voids and Giant voids

Paolo at 18:11, 15 January 2026

2026-01-15T18:11:12Z

Paolo: /* Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components */

2025-07-24T15:36:13Z

‎Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

Paolo: /* Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components */

2025-07-24T15:23:41Z

‎Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

Paolo: /* Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components */

2025-07-24T14:57:31Z

‎Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

Paolo: /* Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components */

2025-07-24T14:40:17Z

‎Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

Paolo: /* Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components */

2025-07-24T14:22:43Z

‎Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

Paolo: /* Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components */

2025-07-22T17:11:57Z

‎Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

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Paolo: /* In conclusion */

2025-07-22T14:59:49Z

‎In conclusion

Paolo: /* Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components */

2025-07-22T14:52:38Z

‎Structural and dynamical decomposition in the terms of the Fundamental Physical Quantities of Information / Energy and of the Dynamics of Elementary Action and its Modes / Components

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 Despite being primordial and fundamental structural elements formed in the distant past (likely extending far beyond the epoch suggested by the standard Big Bang chronology), voids are not '''highly structured entities'''. Though dynamically complex and internally turbulent—marked by polydynamics (polydinamism)—they resemble immense elementary particles. They are Dark Vortex-type InfoStructures, structures that rotate slowly and majestically through cosmic space, expanding endlessly within the spatial boundaries imposed by the other surrounding voids and supervoids.
-'''A little reminder on "polydynamism"'''. The term polydynamism—derived from the concept of being '''polydynamic'''—refers to '''the presence of multiple, overlapping, and interacting dynamic Processes within a System, different dynamical domains within the same InfoStructure'''. It's a way of describing complexity not just in structure, but in motion, transformation, and behavior.
+'''A little reminder on "polydynamism"'''. Here, of course, I am speaking of "dark" or "cosmic" polydynamism. This term—derived from the concept of being '''polydynamic'''—refers to '''the presence of multiple, overlapping, and interacting dynamic Processes within a System, different dynamical domains within the same InfoStructure'''. It's a way of describing complexity not just in structure, but in motion, transformation, and behavior.
 '''Here's a breakdown of what it typically implies''':
 *'''Multiplicity of ways of expression of the same force / cause'''—A polydynamic system is influenced by many simultaneous and coexisting manifestation of the same forces or energies, each contributing to its overall evolution.

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 Charge, as the source of electrical phenomena, derives from the torsion of elementary spatial fluctuations that continually animate the dynamics of event-points. If, within a given region of the Field, there exists a non-zero correlation among degrees of chirality, we can say that a Charge is present in that region, and electrical phenomena may manifest accordingly.<br> In Cosmic Structures such as voids—whose scale is so vast that "they could be seen as gigantic elementary particles"—the extreme rarefaction of Mass densities makes it difficult for correlation intensities to reach significant levels, especially with the coherence needed across the entire Structure.<br> In such cases, there appear to be no sufficiently intense Processes capable of generating strong chirality correlations over extended spatial domains with consistent coherence—conditions necessary to produce a significant global electric Charge, compared to the very concentrated and intense one of charged particles. Furthermore, it is likely that dark bubbles with opposite chirality are present nearby, further attenuating the net Charge. Consequently, it is unlikely that such Structures will exhibit notable or widespread electrical phenomena. Within the turbulent sub-structures of these immense voids, there may exist localized regions with marginal signs of electric Charge—though always of extremely modest magnitude. One would expect electric potential differences between internal regions of these Structures to be essentially zero, or at least very small (if measurable at all).
+'''Spin – Magnetic Energy''' ('''correlations of Rotation:AxisOrientation''' of point-events supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field) — Even in the case of Spin and magnetic phenomena, given the immense scale of the Structures involved—and consequently, the very long propagation times for Causality / Action / Information—in my view, it is extremely unlikely that correlations of Rotation:AxisOrientation among the event points may naturally arise with enough intensity to generate global magnetic effects.<br> It seems more plausible that the large-scale magnetic fields which, alongside gravitational forces, help shape the Cosmic Web and its cosmic dynamics, are primarily generated by Processes involving comparatively smaller Structures / Bodies / Objects: the flows of Matter along the filaments, and the rotation and constant interaction of galactic Halos within the clusters occupying the nodes of the Cosmic Web. <br> In this context, massive voids and their associated Dark Halos lack the coherent, high-intensity conditions required to produce significant correlations of Rotation:AxisOrientation across extended regions. As a result, any magnetic effects linked to Spin within these Structures would likely be weak, localized, and structurally incoherent, especially when contrasted with the magnetic dynamics of smaller, more active cosmic entities.
-'''Spin – Magnetic Energy''' ('''correlations of Rotation:AxisOrientation''' of point events that are supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field): even in the case of Spin and magnetic phenomena, since we are dealing with very large Structures, therefore with very long times of internal propagation of Causality, Action, Information, in my opinion it is very difficult to produce correlations between the dynamics of the event points such as to produce global magnetic effects. It seems more plausible to me that the large magnetic fields that, with gravity, contribute to modeling the Cosmic Web and its cosmic dynamics, are generated by Processes that involve less large Structures / Bodies / Objects, by the flows of Matter in the filaments, by the rotation and incessant interaction of the galactic Halos in the clusters that occupy the nodes of the Cosmic Web.
-−
-'''Spin – Magnetic Energy''' ('''correlations of Rotation:AxisOrientation''' of point-events supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field) — Even in the case of Spin and magnetic phenomena, given the immense scale of the Structures involved—and consequently, the very long propagation times for Causality, Action, and Information—it is, in my view, extremely difficult to establish correlations among the event-point dynamics strong enough to produce global magnetic effects. <br>
 It seems more plausible that the large-scale magnetic fields which, alongside gravitational forces, help shape the Cosmic Web and its cosmic dynamics, are primarily generated by Processes involving comparatively smaller Structures / Bodies / Objects: the flows of Matter along the filaments, and the rotation and constant interaction of galactic Halos within the clusters occupying the nodes of the Cosmic Web. <br>
 In this context, massive voids and their associated Dark Halos lack the coherent, high-intensity conditions required to produce significant correlations of AxisOrientation across extended regions. As a result, any magnetic effects linked to Spin within these Structures would likely be weak, localized, and structurally incoherent, especially when contrasted with the magnetic dynamics of smaller, more active cosmic entities.
 ====In conclusion====

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 '''Motion''' ('''correlations of Translation''' of point-events supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field) — Having just addressed potential Motion—namely acceleration induced by gravitational influences from massive bodies, objects, or structures—we now turn our attention to effective Motion, the kinetic behavior of these entities. This includes their role as individual elements and as components within complex systems governed by intricate gravitational, chiral, and magnetic interactions. The kinetic dynamics, effective Motion, arise from Translation inhomogeneities stemming from inhomogeneities in other Components of Elementary Action: Perturbation, Rotation:Chirality, and Rotation:AxisOrientation. <br> We refer both to the inertial Motion of such Structures in isolation—free from interactions with other Structures or and structured states of the Elementary Field—and to their accelerated Motion when subject to the aforementioned interactions. <br> Inertial Motion of a void within an otherwise empty cosmos—devoid of causally connected surrounding Structures—would be an idealized abstraction, rarely encountered in practice, due to the pervasive presence of such Cosmic Structures that form the backbone of the Cosmic Web (new and ever-larger voids continue to be discovered). Nonetheless, we can assert that the dynamics of the event-points (an immense number, owing to the resonance of spatial fluctuations around the Planck scale) that sustain the shape of the void across time exhibit a deterministic component. They reveal a structured organization of correlations in the temporal distribution of directional orientations of elementary spatial fluctuations—a dominant pattern that points toward the direction of the Structure’s inertial Motion. <br> Superimposed on this linear inertial trajectory is an extrinsic angular Motion of the entire Structure—characterized by a defined chirality (handedness) and a specific orientation of its rotational axis (the axis around which the Structure rotates upon itself).
 '''Charge – Electric Energy''' ('''correlations of Rotation:Chirality''' of point-events supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field) —Charge and Spin pertain to the intrinsic rotation of the Structure, and not to its extrinsic rotation—which defines, as previously stated, the chirality of the entire Structure and the orientation of its rotation in Space. These extrinsic aspects play a major role in "mechanical" interactions (friction, collisions, fusions, annihilations, etc.) with other Cosmic Structures that constitute the Cosmic Web. <br>
-Charge, as the source of electrical phenomena, derives from the torsion of elementary spatial fluctuations that continually animate the dynamics of event-points. If, within a given region of the Field, there exists a non-zero correlation among degrees of chirality, we can say that a Charge is present in that region, and electrical phenomena may manifest accordingly. <br>
+Charge, as the source of electrical phenomena, derives from the torsion of elementary spatial fluctuations that continually animate the dynamics of event-points. If, within a given region of the Field, there exists a non-zero correlation among degrees of chirality, we can say that a Charge is present in that region, and electrical phenomena may manifest accordingly.<br> In Cosmic Structures such as voids—whose scale is so vast that "they could be seen as gigantic elementary particles"—the extreme rarefaction of Mass densities makes it difficult for correlation intensities to reach significant levels, especially with the coherence needed across the entire Structure.<br> In such cases, there appear to be no sufficiently intense Processes capable of generating strong chirality correlations over extended spatial domains with consistent coherence—conditions necessary to produce a significant global electric Charge, compared to the very concentrated and intense one of charged particles. Furthermore, it is likely that dark bubbles with opposite chirality are present nearby, further attenuating the net Charge. Consequently, it is unlikely that such Structures will exhibit notable or widespread electrical phenomena. Within the turbulent sub-structures of these immense voids, there may exist localized regions with marginal signs of electric Charge—though always of extremely modest magnitude. One would expect electric potential differences between internal regions of these Structures to be essentially zero, or at least very small (if measurable at all).
-In Cosmic Structures such as Voids—whose scale is so vast that they could be compared to gigantic elementary particles—the extreme rarefaction of Mass densities makes it difficult for correlation intensities to reach significant levels, especially with the coherence needed across the entire Structure. In such cases, there appear to be no sufficiently intense Processes capable of generating strong chirality correlations over extended spatial domains with consistent coherence—conditions necessary to produce a significant global electric Charge. <br>
-Consequently, it is unlikely that such Structures will exhibit notable or widespread electrical phenomena. Within the turbulent sub-structures of these immense Voids, there may exist localized regions with marginal signs of electric Charge—though always of extremely modest magnitude. One would expect electric potential differences between internal regions of these Structures to be essentially zero, or at least very small (if measurable at all).
-−
-−

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 '''Mass''' ('''correlations of Perturbation''' of point-events that support an InfoStructure within the Elementary Field) — According to the Principle of General Equivalence, the curvature of Space-time—or more precisely, curvature of Time—and the density of Mass (both negative and positive, which compose DM and DE respectively) are fundamentally the same phenomenon. They share a common origin: the inhomogeneity in the spatial distribution of the Mode / Component of Elementary Action referred to here as Perturbation. Hence, what applies to the Metric also applies to Mass. These two quantities represent the same reality viewed from two complementary perspectives—Metric from the standpoint "of" the Elementary Field, and Mass from the perspective of InfoStructures "in" the Field.<br> The total Mass of a Vortex Structure in the Field is always zero, as its negative and positive components inherently compensate each other. In the case of a void—composed solely of a Dark Halo, devoid of Ordinary Matter—the quantities of Dark Matter and Dark Energy are equal. However, since Dark Matter is confined to the inner region of the Vortex Structure (the core), its density is significantly greater than that of Dark Energy, which resides in the outer region and is free to distribute across vaster volumes—potentially throughout the entire causally connected Universe. This density contrast causes the gravitational attraction exerted by the Dark Matter core toward nearby Matter (e.g. galaxies and clusters in the filaments and nodes adjacent to the void within the Cosmic Web) to overcome the repulsive effect produced by the Dark Energy shell, locally resulting in a net positive gravitational pull.<br> This situation may reverse. When the outer shell of Dark Energy is even partially compressed by the interaction with other voids, the density of Dark Energy in the compression region can grow to very high levels and overwhelm or at least strongly attenuate the gravitational pull produced by the Dark matter Cores. Gravitational repulsion from the DE shell may dominate over attraction from the DM core—in regions of the Cosmic Web that are densely populated. In such cases, compression of multiple structures along one portion or the entirety of the Dark Halo's boundary causes the DE shell to become highly compressed, potentially reaching a density capable of producing dominant repulsive gravitational forces. <br> But what does "gravitational attraction or repulsion" mean in terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Action, specifically the Translation Component? Imagine a point in Space situated along the line joining the Mass centers of two Vortex-type InfoStructures (Elementary subtype). For simplicity, consider both Structures as ideal, perfectly spherical. This specific point in Space-time—whose position is "relative" to the centers of Mass of the two Structures—at a given instant will be supported by a particular event-point of the Elementary Field, which possesses its own spontaneous dynamics. This natural behavior—representable by a stochastic process describing the intrinsic dynamics "of" the Elementary Field—is continuously overlaid, instant by instant, by a dynamics that captures the Shape of the Structure(s) present "in" the Field—this can be modeled via one or more (quasi-)deterministic processes. <br> If we observe this combined stochastic / (quasi-)deterministic behavior from the standpoint of Translation at the chosen event-point, we will detect a degree of order within the chaos. Elementary spatial fluctuations will tend to be preferentially oriented in the direction of attraction for longer intervals than in other directions. To borrow a familiar expression among physicists: spatial-spatial symmetry is broken. Spatial directions at that particular event-point of the Field are no longer equivalent—dynamic inhomogeneity, anisotropy emerges... <br> Expanding the observation to an infinitesimal, yet non-null neighborhood, we can evaluate the interactions among the dynamics of individual event-points within this tiny region of the Field. We would observe "non-zero correlations between the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations" (Elementary Events), resonating around the Planck scale. With regard to Translation, there would be a directional bias in the fluctuations—favoring the line connecting the two centers of Mass and pointing toward the center exerting greater gravitational influence. A non-zero Translation value in the Elementary Field signifies the physical quantity we define as Potential Motion—commonly termed "acceleration." Any Structure or Form in this region of the Field will experience acceleration toward the source of gravitational pull. <br> Of course, Reality rarely presents such ideal scenarios. Even for an elementary Vortex Structure, gravitational behavior relative to surrounding regions results from the equilibrium between several contributions—at minimum, those exerted by the Dark Matter core and the Dark Energy shell. The shell, through its repulsive power, effectively acts as a screen on the attraction from the core. Yet under standard, non-compressed conditions—in which Dark Energy is distributed over immense volumes compared to the concentrated Dark Matter in the core—this screening effect remains negligible. It only becomes significant when the Dark Energy shell is compressed due to interaction with adjacent shells from other voids—thus returning to the thematic focus of this section.
+'''Motion''' ('''correlations of Translation''' of point-events supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field) — Having just addressed potential Motion—namely acceleration induced by gravitational influences from massive bodies, objects, or structures—we now turn our attention to effective Motion, the kinetic behavior of these entities. This includes their role as individual elements and as components within complex systems governed by intricate gravitational, chiral, and magnetic interactions. The kinetic dynamics, effective Motion, arise from Translation inhomogeneities stemming from inhomogeneities in other Components of Elementary Action: Perturbation, Rotation:Chirality, and Rotation:AxisOrientation. <br> We refer both to the inertial Motion of such Structures in isolation—free from interactions with other Structures or and structured states of the Elementary Field—and to their accelerated Motion when subject to the aforementioned interactions. <br> Inertial Motion of a void within an otherwise empty cosmos—devoid of causally connected surrounding Structures—would be an idealized abstraction, rarely encountered in practice, due to the pervasive presence of such Cosmic Structures that form the backbone of the Cosmic Web (new and ever-larger voids continue to be discovered). Nonetheless, we can assert that the dynamics of the event-points (an immense number, owing to the resonance of spatial fluctuations around the Planck scale) that sustain the shape of the void across time exhibit a deterministic component. They reveal a structured organization of correlations in the temporal distribution of directional orientations of elementary spatial fluctuations—a dominant pattern that points toward the direction of the Structure’s inertial Motion. <br> Superimposed on this linear inertial trajectory is an extrinsic angular Motion of the entire Structure—characterized by a defined chirality (handedness) and a specific orientation of its rotational axis (the axis around which the Structure rotates upon itself).
-'''Motion''' ('''correlations of Translation''' of point events that are supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field): of the potential Motion, of the acceleration therefore, produced by the gravitational effects of the presence of massive bodies / objects / structures, of the gravitational acceleration therefore we have just spoken. We must now speak of the effective Motion, of the kinetic dynamics of such objects / bodies / structures, as single objects and as parts of complex systems linked by articulated gravitational, chiral and magnetic interactions (inhomogeneities of Translation respectively produced by inhomogeneities in the other Components of the Elementary Action that we call Perturbation, Rotation:Chirality and Rotation:AxisOrientation). <br> I am obviously referring to the inertial Motion of such Structures in the absence of interaction with other Structures and structured states of the Elementary Field, and to the accelerated Motion of the same Structures, but in this case, object of the aforementioned interactions. <br> Inertial motion of a Void in the empty cosmos, without the presence of other Structures in the surrounding regions of the Field causally connected, risks being a mere textbook case, given the omnipresence of such Cosmic Structures that constitute the skeleton of the Cosmic Web (new and larger voids and giant voids are always being discovered). In any case, we can say that the dynamics of the event points (an extremely large quantity, given the resonance of the spatial fluctuations around the Planck scale, which makes us consider, even in the continuity in the Elementary Field, event points with an extremely small volume) that time by time support the Shape of the Structure that we identify as the Void under observation shows a deterministic component, a pattern of organization of the correlations in the temporal distributions of the directions of orientation of the elementary spatial fluctuations, a prevalent orientation, we could say, in the direction of the Inertial Motion of the Structure. This linear inertial motion will be superimposed on an extrinsic angular motion (of the entire Structure), with a given direction (the chirality of the Structure) and with a given orientation of the rotation axis (the orientation of the axis of rotation of the Structure on itself).
-−
-'''Motion''' ('''correlations of Translation''' of point-events supporting an InfoStructure in the Elementary Field) — Having just addressed potential Motion—namely acceleration induced by gravitational influences from massive bodies, objects, or structures—we now turn our attention to effective Motion, the kinetic behavior of these entities. This includes their role as individual elements and as components within complex systems governed by intricate gravitational, chiral, and magnetic interactions. These arise from Translation inhomogeneities stemming from disparities in other Components of Elementary Action: Perturbation, Rotation:Chirality, and Rotation:AxisOrientation. <br>
-We refer both to the inertial Motion of such Structures in isolation—free from interactions with other Field Structures or states—and to their accelerated Motion when subject to the aforementioned influences. <br>
-Inertial Motion of a Void within an otherwise empty cosmos—devoid of causally connected surrounding Structures—would be an idealized abstraction, rarely encountered in practice, due to the pervasive presence of such Cosmic Structures that form the backbone of the Cosmic Web (new and ever-larger Voids continue to be discovered). Nonetheless, we can assert that the dynamics of the event-points (an immense number, owing to the resonance of spatial fluctuations around the Planck scale) that sustain the Shape of the Void across time exhibit a deterministic component. They reveal a structured organization of correlations in the temporal distribution of directional orientations of elementary spatial fluctuations—a dominant pattern that points toward the direction of the Structure’s inertial Motion. <br>
 Superimposed on this linear inertial trajectory is an extrinsic angular Motion of the entire Structure—characterized by a defined chirality (handedness) and a specific orientation of its rotational axis (the axis around which the Structure rotates upon itself).
-−
-−

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 '''Metrics''' ('''correlations of Perturbation''' of point-events within the Elementary Field) — As previously noted, Space at cosmological distances is absolutely flat (the curvature of Space becomes significant only at scales around the Planck length, or marginally larger). In contrast, temporal curvature reveals a gradient: it exhibits a central minimum (i.e., negative curvature, corresponding to negative Mass of Dark Matter) that gradually diminishes toward the boundary separating the Dark Matter core from the Dark Energy shell, before rising again toward positive values—peaking at a radial distance located between the core-shell interface and the outer boundary of the Void's Dark Halo. <br> In practice, Voids are far from perfectly spherical: they can undergo significant deformations due to internal dynamics, and especially interactions with other structures of the Cosmic Web in the surrounding region. Consequently, the curvature gradient described is not perfectly uniform or symmetrical. Likewise, the boundaries between the core of Dark Matter and the shell of Dark Energy, as well as the outer edge of the Dark Halo (which constitutes the Cosmic Structure we call the Void), are not perfectly uniform and spherical.
-'''Mass''' ('''correlations of Perturbation''' of point-events that support an InfoStructure within the Elementary Field) — According to the Principle of General Equivalence, the curvature of Space-time—or more precisely, curvature of Time—and the density of Mass (both negative and positive, which compose DM and DE respectively) are fundamentally the same phenomenon. They share a common origin: the inhomogeneity in the spatial distribution of the Mode / Component of Elementary Action referred to here as Perturbation. Hence, what applies to the Metric also applies to Mass. These two quantities represent the same reality viewed from two complementary perspectives—Metric from the standpoint "of" the Elementary Field, and Mass from the perspective of InfoStructures "in" the Field.<br> The total Mass of a Vortex Structure in the Field is always zero, as its negative and positive components inherently compensate each other. In the case of a void—composed solely of a Dark Halo, devoid of Ordinary Matter—the quantities of Dark Matter and Dark Energy are equal. However, since Dark Matter is confined to the inner region of the Vortex Structure (the core), its density is significantly greater than that of Dark Energy, which resides in the outer region and is free to distribute across vaster volumes—potentially throughout the entire causally connected Universe. This density contrast causes the gravitational attraction exerted by the Dark Matter core toward nearby Matter (e.g. galaxies and clusters in the filaments and nodes adjacent to the void within the Cosmic Web) to overcome the repulsive effect produced by the Dark Energy shell, locally resulting in a net positive gravitational pull.<br> This situation may reverse. When the outer shell of Dark Energy is even partially compressed by the interaction with other voids, the density of Dark Energy in the compression region can grow to very high levels and overwhelm or at least strongly attenuate the gravitational pull produced by the Dark matter Cores. Gravitational repulsion from the DE shell may dominate over attraction from the DM core—in regions of the Cosmic Web that are densely populated. In such cases, compression of multiple structures along one portion or the entirety of the Dark Halo's boundary causes the DE shell to become highly compressed, potentially reaching a density capable of producing dominant repulsive gravitational forces. <br>
+'''Mass''' ('''correlations of Perturbation''' of point-events that support an InfoStructure within the Elementary Field) — According to the Principle of General Equivalence, the curvature of Space-time—or more precisely, curvature of Time—and the density of Mass (both negative and positive, which compose DM and DE respectively) are fundamentally the same phenomenon. They share a common origin: the inhomogeneity in the spatial distribution of the Mode / Component of Elementary Action referred to here as Perturbation. Hence, what applies to the Metric also applies to Mass. These two quantities represent the same reality viewed from two complementary perspectives—Metric from the standpoint "of" the Elementary Field, and Mass from the perspective of InfoStructures "in" the Field.<br> The total Mass of a Vortex Structure in the Field is always zero, as its negative and positive components inherently compensate each other. In the case of a void—composed solely of a Dark Halo, devoid of Ordinary Matter—the quantities of Dark Matter and Dark Energy are equal. However, since Dark Matter is confined to the inner region of the Vortex Structure (the core), its density is significantly greater than that of Dark Energy, which resides in the outer region and is free to distribute across vaster volumes—potentially throughout the entire causally connected Universe. This density contrast causes the gravitational attraction exerted by the Dark Matter core toward nearby Matter (e.g. galaxies and clusters in the filaments and nodes adjacent to the void within the Cosmic Web) to overcome the repulsive effect produced by the Dark Energy shell, locally resulting in a net positive gravitational pull.<br> This situation may reverse. When the outer shell of Dark Energy is even partially compressed by the interaction with other voids, the density of Dark Energy in the compression region can grow to very high levels and overwhelm or at least strongly attenuate the gravitational pull produced by the Dark matter Cores. Gravitational repulsion from the DE shell may dominate over attraction from the DM core—in regions of the Cosmic Web that are densely populated. In such cases, compression of multiple structures along one portion or the entirety of the Dark Halo's boundary causes the DE shell to become highly compressed, potentially reaching a density capable of producing dominant repulsive gravitational forces. <br> But what does "gravitational attraction or repulsion" mean in terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Action, specifically the Translation Component? Imagine a point in Space situated along the line joining the Mass centers of two Vortex-type InfoStructures (Elementary subtype). For simplicity, consider both Structures as ideal, perfectly spherical. This specific point in Space-time—whose position is "relative" to the centers of Mass of the two Structures—at a given instant will be supported by a particular event-point of the Elementary Field, which possesses its own spontaneous dynamics. This natural behavior—representable by a stochastic process describing the intrinsic dynamics "of" the Elementary Field—is continuously overlaid, instant by instant, by a dynamics that captures the Shape of the Structure(s) present "in" the Field—this can be modeled via one or more (quasi-)deterministic processes. <br> If we observe this combined stochastic / (quasi-)deterministic behavior from the standpoint of Translation at the chosen event-point, we will detect a degree of order within the chaos. Elementary spatial fluctuations will tend to be preferentially oriented in the direction of attraction for longer intervals than in other directions. To borrow a familiar expression among physicists: spatial-spatial symmetry is broken. Spatial directions at that particular event-point of the Field are no longer equivalent—dynamic inhomogeneity, anisotropy emerges... <br> Expanding the observation to an infinitesimal, yet non-null neighborhood, we can evaluate the interactions among the dynamics of individual event-points within this tiny region of the Field. We would observe "non-zero correlations between the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations" (Elementary Events), resonating around the Planck scale. With regard to Translation, there would be a directional bias in the fluctuations—favoring the line connecting the two centers of Mass and pointing toward the center exerting greater gravitational influence. A non-zero Translation value in the Elementary Field signifies the physical quantity we define as Potential Motion—commonly termed "acceleration." Any Structure or Form in this region of the Field will experience acceleration toward the source of gravitational pull. <br> Of course, Reality rarely presents such ideal scenarios. Even for an elementary Vortex Structure, gravitational behavior relative to surrounding regions results from the equilibrium between several contributions—at minimum, those exerted by the Dark Matter core and the Dark Energy shell. The shell, through its repulsive power, effectively acts as a screen on the attraction from the core. Yet under standard, non-compressed conditions—in which Dark Energy is distributed over immense volumes compared to the concentrated Dark Matter in the core—this screening effect remains negligible. It only becomes significant when the Dark Energy shell is compressed due to interaction with adjacent shells from other voids—thus returning to the thematic focus of this section.
-−
-−
-But what does "gravitational attraction or repulsion" mean in terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Action, in particular of the Translation Component? Simply, let's imagine a point in Space on the line that joins the center of Mass of two InfoStructures of the Vortex type, Elementary subtype (for simplicity, let's think of two ideal, perfectly spherical Structures). This point of Space-time, whose position is "relative" to the position of the two centers of Mass of the two Structures, at a certain instant of Time, will be supported by a certain event-point of the Elementary Field, which has its own spontaneous dynamics - the natural dynamics "of" the Elementary Field, describable by a stochastic process - on which, time by time, instant by instant, is superimposed a dynamics that represents the Shape of the Structure/s present "in" the Field itself - dynamics describable by one or more (quasi-)deterministic processes. If we observe this complex stochastic/(quasi-)deterministic dynamics from the point of view of Translation at the chosen event-point we will see a certain degree of order in the chaos. The elementary spatial fluctuations will tend to be oriented in the direction of attraction for a longer time, than in other directions. Using an expression dear to physicists, a spatial-spatial symmetry is broken. The spatial directions at that event-point of the Field are no longer equivalent. Dynamic inhomogeneity, anisotropy... <br>
-−
-But what does "gravitational attraction or repulsion" mean in terms of the Dynamics of Elementary Action, specifically the Translation Component? Imagine a point in Space situated along the line joining the Mass centers of two vortex-type InfoStructures (Elementary subtype). For simplicity, consider both Structures as ideal, perfectly spherical. This specific point in Space-time—whose position is "relative" to the centers of Mass of the two Structures—at a given instant will be supported by a particular event-point of the Elementary Field, which possesses its own spontaneous dynamics. This natural behavior—governed by a stochastic process describing the intrinsic dynamics "of" the Elementary Field—is continuously overlaid, instant by instant, by a dynamics that captures the Shape of the Structure(s) present "in" the Field—this can be modeled via one or more (quasi-)deterministic processes. <br>
-If we observe this combined stochastic / (quasi-)deterministic behavior from the standpoint of Translation at the chosen event-point, we will detect a degree of order within the chaos. Elementary spatial fluctuations will tend to be preferentially oriented in the direction of attraction for longer intervals than in other directions. To borrow a familiar expression among physicists: spatial-spatial symmetry is broken. Spatial directions at that particular Field event-point are no longer equivalent—dynamic inhomogeneity, anisotropy emerges... <br>
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-−
-If we extend the observation to an infinitesimal, but not null, neighborhood, we will be able to observe the relationships between the dynamics of the individual event-points included in this tiny region of the Field. We would see "non-zero correlations between the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations" (Elementary Events) in resonance around the Planck scale. With reference to Translation, we would see a prevalence of orientation of the elementary fluctuations in the direction of the line joining the two centers of Mass and towards the direction of the center of Mass that exerts the greatest attraction. We know that a non-zero Translation value in the Elementary Field represents the physical quantity that we can define as Potential Motion, in other words, "attraction". Any Structure or Form present in that region of the Field will undergo an acceleration towards the source of the gravitational attraction. <br>
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-Expanding the observation to an infinitesimal, yet non-null neighborhood, we can evaluate the interactions among the dynamics of individual event-points within this tiny region of the Field. We would observe "non-zero correlations between the temporal distributions of elementary spatial fluctuations" (Elementary Events), resonating at the Planck scale. With regard to Translation, there would be a directional bias in the fluctuations—favoring the line connecting the two centers of Mass and pointing toward the center exerting greater gravitational influence. A non-zero Translation value in the Elementary Field signifies the physical quantity we define as Potential Motion—commonly termed "attraction." Any Structure or Form in this region of the Field will experience acceleration toward the source of gravitational pull. <br>
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-Of course, in Reality things are almost never so simple. We have seen that even for an ideal elementary Vortex Structure the gravitational behavior towards the surrounding regions is the result of the balance between different contributions, at a minimum between the two contributions produced by the DM core and the DE shell. The DE shell, with its repulsive power, is as if it were screening the attraction exerted by the DM core. But given the normal condition of non-compression and therefore of distribution of the DE over immense volumes compared to the concentration of the DM in the core, this screening effect is extremely modest, unless the DE shell is compressed by the interaction with the DE of the shells of other Structures, of other Voids, returning to the topic of this section.
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-Of course, Reality rarely presents such ideal scenarios. Even for an elementary vortex structure, gravitational behavior relative to surrounding regions results from the equilibrium between several contributions—at minimum, those exerted by the DM core and the DE shell. The DE shell, through its repulsive force, effectively acts as a screen on the attraction from the DM core. Yet under standard, non-compressed conditions—in which DE is distributed over immense volumes compared to the concentrated DM in the core—this screening effect remains negligible. It only becomes significant when the DE shell is compressed due to interaction with adjacent DE shells from other Structures or Voids—thus returning to the thematic focus of this section.
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 '''Metrics''' ('''correlations of Perturbation''' of point-events within the Elementary Field) — As previously noted, Space at cosmological distances is absolutely flat (the curvature of Space becomes significant only at scales around the Planck length, or marginally larger). In contrast, temporal curvature reveals a gradient: it exhibits a central minimum (i.e., negative curvature, corresponding to negative Mass of Dark Matter) that gradually diminishes toward the boundary separating the Dark Matter core from the Dark Energy shell, before rising again toward positive values—peaking at a radial distance located between the core-shell interface and the outer boundary of the Void's Dark Halo. <br> In practice, Voids are far from perfectly spherical: they can undergo significant deformations due to internal dynamics, and especially interactions with other structures of the Cosmic Web in the surrounding region. Consequently, the curvature gradient described is not perfectly uniform or symmetrical. Likewise, the boundaries between the core of Dark Matter and the shell of Dark Energy, as well as the outer edge of the Dark Halo (which constitutes the Cosmic Structure we call the Void), are not perfectly uniform and spherical.
-'''Mass''' ('''correlations of Perturbation''' of point-events that support an InfoStructure within the Elementary Field) — According to the Principle of General Equivalence, the curvature of Space-time—or more precisely, curvature of Time—and the density of Mass (both negative and positive, which compose DM and DE respectively) are fundamentally the same phenomenon. They share a common origin: the inhomogeneity in the spatial distribution of the Mode / Component of Elementary Action referred to here as Perturbation. Hence, what applies to the Metric also applies to Mass. These two quantities represent the same reality viewed from two complementary perspectives—Metric from the standpoint "of" the Elementary Field, and Mass from the perspective of InfoStructures "in" the Field.<br>
+'''Mass''' ('''correlations of Perturbation''' of point-events that support an InfoStructure within the Elementary Field) — According to the Principle of General Equivalence, the curvature of Space-time—or more precisely, curvature of Time—and the density of Mass (both negative and positive, which compose DM and DE respectively) are fundamentally the same phenomenon. They share a common origin: the inhomogeneity in the spatial distribution of the Mode / Component of Elementary Action referred to here as Perturbation. Hence, what applies to the Metric also applies to Mass. These two quantities represent the same reality viewed from two complementary perspectives—Metric from the standpoint "of" the Elementary Field, and Mass from the perspective of InfoStructures "in" the Field.<br> The total Mass of a Vortex Structure in the Field is always zero, as its negative and positive components inherently compensate each other. In the case of a void—composed solely of a Dark Halo, devoid of Ordinary Matter—the quantities of Dark Matter and Dark Energy are equal. However, since Dark Matter is confined to the inner region of the Vortex Structure (the core), its density is significantly greater than that of Dark Energy, which resides in the outer region and is free to distribute across vaster volumes—potentially throughout the entire causally connected Universe. This density contrast causes the gravitational attraction exerted by the Dark Matter core toward nearby Matter (e.g. galaxies and clusters in the filaments and nodes adjacent to the void within the Cosmic Web) to overcome the repulsive effect produced by the Dark Energy shell, locally resulting in a net positive gravitational pull.<br> This situation may reverse. When the outer shell of Dark Energy is even partially compressed by the interaction with other voids, the density of Dark Energy in the compression region can grow to very high levels and overwhelm or at least strongly attenuate the gravitational pull produced by the Dark matter Cores. Gravitational repulsion from the DE shell may dominate over attraction from the DM core—in regions of the Cosmic Web that are densely populated. In such cases, compression of multiple structures along one portion or the entirety of the Dark Halo's boundary causes the DE shell to become highly compressed, potentially reaching a density capable of producing dominant repulsive gravitational forces. <br>
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-The total amount of Mass of a vortical structure in the Field is always zero, as the negative and positive components compensate each other by definition. In the case of a Void, composed only of a Dark Halo and not of Ordinary Matter, the amount of Dark Matter and Dark Energy are equal. But, since Dark Matter is confined to the internal region of the Vortical Structure, in the core, its density is much higher than that of Dark Energy which is in the external region and is free to redistribute itself in extremely large Spaces, virtually throughout the causally connected Universe. This difference in density causes the gravitational attraction exerted by the DM core towards the Matter present in the surrounding regions (e.g. galaxies and clusters present in the filaments and nodes of the Cosmic Web adjacent to the void) to overcome the repulsion generated by the DE shell, producing a net positive gravitational attraction. <br>
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-The total Mass of a Vortex Structure in the Field is always zero, as its negative and positive components inherently compensate each other. In the case of a void—composed solely of a Dark Halo, devoid of Ordinary Matter—the quantities of Dark Matter and Dark Energy are equal. However, since Dark Matter is confined to the inner region of the Vortex Structure (the core), its density is significantly greater than that of Dark Energy, which resides in the outer region and is free to distribute across vast volumes—potentially throughout the entire causally connected Universe. When the outer shell of dark energy is even partially compressed by the interaction with other voids, the density of dark energy in the compression region can grow to very high levels and overwhelm or at least strongly attenuate the gravitational pull produced by the dark matter cores.
-???
-This density contrast causes the gravitational attraction exerted by the Dark Matter core toward nearby Matter (e.g. galaxies and clusters in the filaments and nodes adjacent to the void within the Cosmic Web) to overcome the repulsive effect produced by the DE shell, resulting in a net positive gravitational pull. <br>
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-This situation can be reversed (gravitational repulsion produced by the DE shell prevailing over the attraction produced by the DM core) in the case in which, in densely populated regions of the Cosmic Web, due to the compression of many structures, on one side or on the entire boundary of the Dark Halo of the void, the DE shell is very compressed and its density reaches levels such as to produce a more intense gravitational repulsion. <br>
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-This situation may reverse—gravitational repulsion from the DE shell may dominate over attraction from the DM core—in regions of the Cosmic Web that are densely populated. In such cases, compression of multiple structures along one portion or the entirety of the Dark Halo's boundary causes the DE shell to become highly compressed, potentially reaching a density capable of producing dominant repulsive gravitational forces. <br>

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 ====In conclusion====
-Voids '''do not form because of gravitational forces that pull matter toward denser regions''', leaving behind immense gaps, vast empty spaces, giant voids that can extend for hundreds of millions of light years, as hypothesized by standard cosmology.
+Voids '''do not form as a consequence of gravitational forces pulling Matter toward denser regions''', leaving behind immense gaps—vast empty spaces, giant voids that may span hundreds of millions of light-years—as posited by standard cosmology.
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-Voids '''do not form as a consequence of gravitational forces pulling matter toward denser regions''', leaving behind immense gaps—vast empty spaces, giant voids that may span hundreds of millions of light-years—as posited by standard cosmology.
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-'''Here we hypothesize that the process is just the opposite'''. That the formation of voids builds the causal and variational (spacial and temporal) scaffolding on which, within which, the increasingly fine-grained scaffolding is formed that favors the formation of Ordinary Matter that, collapsing, goes to populate the more compact and dense bubbles, which we observe as galaxies, clusters and superclusters, organized in the filaments and nodes that make up the Cosmic Webs.
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-'''In contrast, we propose the reverse mechanism'''. That the formation of voids actively constructs the causal and variational scaffolding—both spatial and temporal—upon and within which finer-grained structural frameworks arise. These, in turn, promote the formation of Ordinary Matter which, through gravitational collapse, populates increasingly compact and dense bubbles. These bubbles manifest observationally as galaxies, clusters, and superclusters, organized within the filaments and nodes that compose the Cosmic Web.
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-These voids therefore play '''a fundamental role in universal dynamics, in the formation of Dark Matter and Energy, of Ordinary Matter and therefore of the Structures composed of them'''. Their formative and evolutionary dynamics represent the causal and variational aspect of the phenomenon we call cosmic expansion.
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-Thus, voids play '''a fundamental role in universal dynamics—in the genesis of Dark Matter and Dark Energy, of Ordinary Matter, and of the cosmic Structures composed of them'''. Their formative and evolutionary behavior constitutes the causal and variational underpinning of the phenomenon we recognize as cosmic expansion.
 Despite their emptiness, these vast gaps '''shape the structure of the Universe by influencing the Motion of the surrounding Matter (both Dark and Ordinary)'''. They highlight the delicate balance between the cosmic void and the dense clusters of galaxies.
+Despite their apparent emptiness, these vast regions '''sculpt the architecture of the Universe by influencing the Motion of surrounding Matter—both Dark and Ordinary'''. They highlight the delicate balance between cosmic voids and the dense clusters of galaxies—revealing that emptiness itself may be the engine of cosmic structure.
-Despite their apparent emptiness, these vast regions '''sculpt the architecture of the Universe by influencing the Motion of surrounding Matter—both Dark and Ordinary'''. They underscore the fragile equilibrium between cosmic voids and the dense clusters of galaxies—revealing that emptiness itself may be the engine of cosmic structure.
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